Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-sh8wx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-19T07:19:49.235Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Stabilities of Three-Layer Phyllosilicates Related to Their Ionic-Covalent Bonding

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

John W. Tlapek  and
W. D. Keller
John W. Tlapek
Affiliation:
The California Company, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
W. D. Keller
Affiliation:
University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The anhydrous structures of three-layer phyllosilicates are destroyed by heating, as in differential thermal analyses, over a range of temperatures starting from about 775°C, mean temperature for pyrophyllite, and rising to about 1075°C, a mean temperature for biotite. Parallel to the trend of increasing temperature of stability (and destruction) is an increased ratio of substituted Al for Si in the tetrahedral layers and, in some occurrences, of Mg for Al in the octahedral layers. These substitutions increase the degree of ionic bonding (and decrease the covalent bonding) within the oxygen framework. The electronegativity difference between the cation and oxygen increases as Al substitutes for Si, and Mg for Al. Increase in ionic character of a compound is compatible, from chemical considerations, with increase in thermal stability and susceptibility of the compound to alteration by water.

The principle illustrated by the phyllosilicates applies likewise to mineral groups of other silicate structure, such as the anorthite-albite series, the forsterite—fayalite series, and others.

Type
General
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals) , Volume 12 , February 1963 , pp. 249 - 255
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 1963

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bradley, W. F., and Grim, R. E. (1951) High temperature thermal effects of clay and related minerals: Am. Min., v. 36, pp. 182–201.Google Scholar
Earley, J. W., Osthaus, V. V., and Milne, I. H. (1953) Purification and properties of montmorillonites: Am. Min., v. 38, pp. 707–724.Google Scholar
Faust, G. T. (1951) Thermal analysis and X-ray studies of sauconite and of some zinc minerals of the same paragenetic association: Am. Min., v. 36, pp. 795–822.Google Scholar
Faust, G. T., and Murata, K. H. (1953) Stevensite, redefined as a member of the montmorillonite group: Am. Min., v. 38, pp. 973–987.Google Scholar
Foster, M. D. (1960) Interpretation of the composition of trioctahedral micas: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 354-B, pp. 27–29.Google Scholar
Graf, R. V., Wahl, F. M., and Grim, R. E. (1962) Phase transformations in silica- alumina-magnesia mixtures as examined by continuous X-ray diffraction: I. Talc- kaolinite compositions: Am. Min., v. 47, pp. 1273–1283.Google Scholar
Grim, R. E. (1953) Clay Mineralogy: McGraw-Hill, New York, 384 pp.Google Scholar
Grim, R. E., and Rowland, R. A. (1942) Differential thermal analysis of clay minerals and other hydrous materials: Am. Min., v. 27, pp. 746–761.Google Scholar
Hower, J. (1961) Some factors concerning the nature and origin of glauconite: Am. Min., v. 46, pp. 313–334.Google Scholar
Jonas, E. C, (1961) Mineralogy of the micaceous clay minerals: Rpt. Int. Geol. Cong., XXI Session, pt.XXIV, pp. 7–16.Google Scholar
Kauffman, A. H. Jr., and Eilling, E. D. (1950) Differential thermal curves of certain hydrous and anhydrous minerals, with -a description of the apparatus used: Econ. Geol, v. 45, pp. 220–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, W. D., Balgord, W. D., and Reesman, A. L. (1963) Dissolved products of artificially pulverized silicate rocks and minerals: Part I: J. Sed. Petrology, v. 33, pp. 191–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackenzie, R. C. (1957) The differential thermal investigation of clays: Mineralogical Society (Clay Minerals Group), London , 456 pp.Google Scholar
Page, J. B. (1943) Differential thermal analysis of montmorillonites: Soil Science, v. 56, pp. 273–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roy, R. (1949) Decomposition and resynthesis of the micas: J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., v. 32, pp. 202–209.Google Scholar
Tlapek, J. W. (1962) Generic significance of maximum thermal stabilities of certain three-layer clay minerals in selected soil samples: Unpublished M.A. thesis, Univ. of Missouri Library, Columbia, Mo., 91 pp.Google Scholar
Warshaw, C. M. (1957) The mineralogy of glauconite: Ph.D. thesis, Gulf Research and Development Company, Report No. 60, pp. 105–107.Google Scholar