Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-swr86 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-20T17:19:17.854Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Organophilic Clay-Base Thickeners

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

J. W. Jordan
J. W. Jordan*
Affiliation:
Baroid Division, National Lead Company, Houston, Texas, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The clay minerals, generally characterized by their small particle size, affinity for water, and response to chemical changes in their environment, are noted for their gelling and viscosity-increasing abilities in aqueous systems. Rendered organophilic by association with long-ohain organic compounds, several of the clay minerals exhibit similar or even greater gelling abilities in various organic liquids.

Methods of preparing organophilic clays are discussed and data shown for ion exchange reactions between long-chain organic cations and montmorillonite minerals. Properties of modified clays in various liquid systems are illustrated, and industrial applications are cited.

Type
Symposium on Industrial Applications
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals) , Volume 10 , February 1961 , pp. 299 - 308
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 1961

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Berger, G. (1941) The structure of montmorillonite. Preliminary communication on the ability of clays and clay minerals to be methylated: Chem. Weekblad, v. 38, pp. 42–43.Google Scholar
Brown, G., Greene-Kelly, R. and Norrish, K. (1952) Organic derivatives of montmorillonite: Nature, v. 169, pp. 756–757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clem, A. G. (1958) Chemical compounds and the production thereof: U.S. Patent 2,859,234.Google Scholar
Clem, A. G. (1961) Organophilic mineral compositions: U.S. Patent 2,971,922.Google Scholar
Damereil, V. R. (1956a) Formation of organophilic montmorillonite-oil gels by use of a magnetostrictive oscillator: Ind. and Eng. Chem., v. 48, pp. 321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Damerell, Y. R. (1956b) Organophilic montmorillonite gels: Nature, v. 178, pp. 200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deuel, H., Huber, G. and Iberg, R. (1950) Organic derivatives of clay minerals: Helv. Chim. Acta, v. 33, pp. 1229–1232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deuel, H. and Huber, G. (1951) Organic derivatives of clay minerals. II. Alkoxy, alkyl and aryl derivatives of montmorillonite: Helv. Chim. Acta, v. 34, p. 1697.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erbring, H. and Lehmann, H. (1944) Exchange reactions with voluminous organic colloid ions on sodium bentonite: Kolloid Z., v. 107, pp. 201–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gieseking, J. E. (1939) The mechanism of cation exchange in the montmorillonite-beidellite-nontronite type of clay minerals: Soil Sci., v. 47, pp. 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haden, W. L. and Martin, C. O. (1958) Clay bodied grease composition: U.S. Patent 2,819,210.Google Scholar
Handbook on "Bentone Gellants" (1960) National Lead Company.Google Scholar
Hauser, E. A. (1950) Modified gel-forming clay and process of producing same: U.S. Patent 2,531,427.Google Scholar
Hendricks, S. B. (1941) Base-exchange of the clay mineral montmorillonite for organic cations and its dependence upon adsorption due to van der Waals' forces: J. Phys. Chem., v. 45, pp. 65–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iler, R. K. (1953) Method of esterifying the surface of a silica substrate having a reactive silanol surface and product thereof: U.S. Patent-2,657,149.Google Scholar
Jordan, J. W. (1949) Organophilic bentonites. I. Swelling in organic liquids. J. Phys. and Colloid Chem., v. 53, pp. 294–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jordan, J. W., Hook, B. J. and Finlayson, C. M. (1950) Organophilic bentonites. II. Organic liquid gels: J. Phys. and Colloid Chem., v. 54, p. 1196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jordan, J. W. (1960) Modified clay complexes and method of preparation: U.S. Patent 2,966,506.Google Scholar
McAtee, J. L. Jr. (1959) Inorganic-organic cation exchange on montmorillonite: Amer. Min., v. 44, pp. 1230–1236.Google Scholar
McAtee, J. L. Jr. (1963) Organic cation exchange on montmorillonite as observed by u.v. analysis: This volume.Google Scholar
Peterson, W. H. (1952) Oil composition: U.S. Patent 2,623,852.Google Scholar
Slabaugh, W. H. (1954) Cation exchange properties of bentonite: J. Phys. Chem., v. 58, pp. 162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slabaugh, W. H. and Kupka, F. (1958) Organic cation exchange properties of calcium montmorillonite: J. Phys. Chem., v. 62, pp. 599–601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar