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The nature and origin of authigenic smectites in some recent marine sediments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

T. G. Cole  and
H. F. Shaw
T. G. Cole
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London SW7, UK
H. F. Shaw
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London SW7, UK
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Abstract

Three principal modes of formation are apparent for authigenic smectites in Recent marine sediments: alteration of volcanic rocks and glass, low-temperature combination of biogenic silica and Fe-oxyhydroxides, and direct precipitation from hydrothermal fluids. The latter two mechanisms are discussed with reference to new evidence from studies of sediments from the Bauer Deep of the equatorial eastern Pacific and the Atlantis II Deep in the Red Sea. In the Atlantis II Deep sediments, three sub-environments of smectite formation from hydrothermal fluids are recognized. In two of them nontronites are formed, whilst in the third an Fe-poor smectite, intermediate in composition between beidellite and montmorillonite, occurs.

Resume

Resume

Il existe trois modes de formation de smectites authigènes dans les sédiments marins récents: l'altération de roches et verres volcaniques, la combinaison à basse température de silice biogène et d'oxhydrate de fer, la précipitation directe au sein de fluides hydrothermaux. Les deux derniers mécanismes sont discutés en faisant appel à des résultats nouveaux dus à l'étude de sédiments de la Dépression de Bauer du Pacifique Equatorial Oriental et de la Dépression Atlantis II de la Mer Rouge. Les sédiments de la Dépression Altantis Il permettent de mettre en évidence 3 sous groupes de formation de smectite à partir de fluídes hydrothermaux. Dans 2 de ceux-ci on forme de la nontronite, tandis que dans la 3e apparaît une smectite pauvre en fer de composition intermédiaire entre une beidellite et une montmorillonite.

Kurzreferat

Kurzreferat

Drei hauptsächliche Bildungsprozesse für authigene Smectite in rezenten marinen Sedimenten sind: Verfänderung vulkanischer Gesteine und Gläser, Reaktion von biogener Kieselsäure mit Fe oxyhydroxiden bei niedrigen Temperaturen und direkte Ausfällung aus hydrothermalen Lösungen. Anhand neuerer Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen des Bauer-Tief (östlicher äquatorialer Pazifik) und des Atlantis II-Tief (Rotes Meer) werden die letzteren zwei Mechanismen diskutiert. In den Sedimenten des Atlantis II-Tief sind drei unterschiedliche Bildungsmilieus für Smectite aus hydrothermalen Lösungen zu finden: In zwei davon bilden sich Nontronite, während im dritten ein eisenarmer Smectit gebildet wird, der in der Zusammensetzung zwischen Beidellit und Montmorillonit steht.

Resumen

Resumen

Existen tres principales modos de formación de esmectitas autigénicas en sedimentos marinos recientes: alteración de rocas volcánicas y vidrios, combinación a baja temperatura de silice biógene y oxihidróxidos de hierro, y precipitación directa a partir de flúidos hidrotermales. Se discuten los dos últimos mecanismos teniendo en cuenta las recientes evidencias obtenidas en el estudio de los sedimentos de la depresión Bauer en el Pacifico este ecuatorial y de la depresión Altantis II en el mar Rojo. En los sedimentos de la depresion Atlantis II aparecen tres subentornos de formación de esmectitas a partir de flúidos hidro termales. En dos de ellos se forman nontronitas, mientras que en el tercero aparece una esmectita pobre en hierro, de composición intermedia entre beidellita y montmorillonita.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 18 , Issue 3 , September 1983 , pp. 239 - 252
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1983

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