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Mixed-layer illite-smectite in the Kinnekulle K-bentonite, northern Baltic Basin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

P. Somelar ,
K. Kirsimäe  and
J. Środoń
P. Somelar*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu 51014, Estonia
K. Kirsimäe
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu 51014, Estonia
J. Środoń
Affiliation:
Institute of Geological Sciences PAN, Senacka 1, 31002 Kraków, Poland
*
*E-mail: psomelar@ut.ee
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Abstract

The composition and particle morphology of diagenetic mixed-layer illite-smectite (I-S) in the shallow buried Ordovician Kinnekulle K-bentonite were studied to understand the process of illitization in the Baltic Basin. The same K-bentonite bed from 12 different locations in the Basin was sampled and analysed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic-force microscopy (AFM) and K-Ar dating. Illite-smectite in the samples was identified as a highly illitic R1 type illite-smectite vermiculite (high-charge smectite) mixed-layer mineral with 63–78% illitic layers. Illite-smectite was characterized by log-normally distributed thin particles with an area-weighted mean thickness varying from 1.9 to 3.6 nm and 2.1 to 3.8 nm by XRD-PVP and AFM analysis, respectively. The K-Ar diagenetic ages of the mixed-layer minerals suggest an illitization age of 370 to 420 Ma that agrees with the latest phase of the Caledonian orogeny. Illitization of the Kinnekulle bentonite was probably driven by the intrusion of K-rich fluids.

Keywords

Baltic Basinillite-smectiteillitizationK-bentoniteK-Ar dating
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 44 , Issue 4 , December 2009 , pp. 455 - 468
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2009

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