Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-rkxrd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T23:16:06.912Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of Pakistani bentonite on properties of mortar and concrete

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

S. Ahmad ,
S. A. Barbhuiya ,
A. Elahi  and
J. Iqbal
S. Ahmad
Affiliation:
University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
S. A. Barbhuiya*
Affiliation:
University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
A. Elahi
Affiliation:
University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
J. Iqbal
Affiliation:
University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
*
*E-mail: salim.barbhuiya@uws.ac.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Bentonite is composed primarily of montmorillonite and is useful in a wide range of applications. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the possibility of using a Pakistani bentonite (from Jehangira, Swabi District) as a cement replacement material in mortar and concrete. The cement in mortar and concrete was replaced with the bentonite at 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by cement mass. The strength activity index of bentonite was determined ‘as received’ (20ºC) and ‘heated’ (treatment at 500ºC and 900ºC). The test results indicated that the strength activity index of bentonite conformed to the ASTM Standard C618 specifications, except for the ‘900ºC heated’ bentonite. The water absorption decreased for mortar containing up to 30% bentonite and then steadily increased at higher bentonite loadings. When immersed in 5% Na2SO4 and 2% MgSO4 solution, the greatest compressive strength was observed for mortar containing 30% bentonite. The water demand of concrete increased with increasing bentonite content. Although the compressive strength of concrete decreased progressively as the substitution level of bentonite was increased, the compressive strength of concrete containing 30% ‘as received’ bentonite was found to be 70% of the control concrete, whereas for concrete containing 30% ‘500ºC heated’ bentonite, the strength was found to be 79% of the control concrete. It can be concluded that this Pakistani bentonite can be used to replace up to 30% of cement to produce concrete with sufficient compressive strength for low-cost construction resistant to sulphate attack.

Keywords

bentoniteJehangiraSwabi DistrictPakistancement substitutioncompressive strengthsulphate attackwater absorptionmortar
Type
Research Papers
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 46 , Issue 1 , March 2011 , pp. 85 - 92
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akram, T., Memon, S.A. & Obaid, H. (2009) Production of low cost self compacting concrete using baggage ash. Construction and Building Materials, 23, 2, 703–712.Google Scholar
Al-Amoudi, O.S.B., Maslehuddin, M. & Saadi, M.M. (1995) Effect of magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate on the durability performance of plain and blended cements. ACI Materials Journal, 92, 1, 15–24.Google Scholar
ASTM (2006) ASTM C642-06, Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete. Annual Book of American Society for Testing Materials Standards.Google Scholar
ASTM (2008a) ASTM C 109-08, Standard test method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars. Annual Book of American Society for Testing Materials Standards.Google Scholar
ASTM (2008b) ASTM C618 -08a Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, Annual Book of American Society for Testing Materials Standards.Google Scholar
ASTM (2009) ASTM C150/C150M - 09 Standard Specification for Portland Cement. Annual Book of American Society for Testing Materials Standards.Google Scholar
Barger, G.S., Luhkarila, M.R., Martin, D.L., Lane, S.B., Hansen, E.R., Ross, M.W. & Thompson, J.L. (1997) Evaluation of a blended cement and a mineral admixture containing calcined clay natural pozzolan for high-performance concrete. Proceeding of the 6th International Purdue Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and Materials for High Performance. Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 21 pp.Google Scholar
Berry, E.E. (1980) Strength development of some blended cement mortars. Cement and Concrete Research, 10, 1–11.Google Scholar
Draelos, Z. (1995) Cosmetics: an overview. Current Problems in Dermatology, 7, 45–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, T.C. (1990) Long-term strength of high fly ash concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 20, 193–196.Google Scholar
Hossain, K.M.A. (2005) Volcanic ash and pumice as cement additives: pozzolanic, alkali-silica reaction and autoclave expansion characteristics. Cement and Concrete Research, 35, 1141–1144.Google Scholar
Ismail, M.S. & Waliuddin, A.M. (1996) Effect of rice husk ash on high strength concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 10, 521–526.Google Scholar
Karaguzel, C., Cetinel, T., Boylu, F., Çinku, K. & Çelik, M.S. (2010) Activation of (Na,Ca)-bentonites with soda and MgO and their utilization as drilling mud. Applied Clay Science, 48, 398–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamond, F.J. & Pielert, J.H. (2006) Significance of tests and properties of concrete and concrete making materials, ASTM International, 664 pp.Google Scholar
Lea, F.M. (1971) The Chemistry of Cement and Concrete, 3rd edition. Chemical Publishing Company Ltd, New York, 358–397.Google Scholar
Marsh, B.K. & Day, R.L. (1988) Pozzolanic and cementitious reaction of fly ash in blended cement pastes. Cement and Concrete Research, 18, 301–310.Google Scholar
Mehta, P.K. (1981) Studies on blended Portland cement containing Santorin earth. Cement and Concrete Research, 11, 507–518.Google Scholar
Mehta, P.K. & Monteiro, P.J. (2005) Concrete: Structures, Properties and Materials. McGraw-Hill Professional, 3rd edition, 659 pp.Google Scholar
Mirza, J., Riaz, M., Naseer, A., Rehman, F., Khan, A.N. & Ali, Q. (2009) Pakistani bentonite in mortars and concrete as low cost construction material. Applied Clay Science, 45, 220–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, H.H. (2006) Bentonite applications, Developments in Clay Science, 2, 111–130.Google Scholar
Neville, A.M. (1996) Properties of Concrete. John Wiley & Son, 4th edition, London, 844 pp.Google Scholar
Newman, J. & Choo, B.S. (2003) Advanced Concrete Technology. Elsevier Ltd., 203 pp.Google Scholar
Rafeeqi, S.F.A. (2001) Research and application of ferrocement in Pakistan. Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Ferrocement and Thin Reinforced Cement Composites, Singapore, 515–523.Google Scholar
Rasheeduzzafar, Al-Amoudi|O.S.B., Abduljauwad, S.N. & Maslehuddin, M. (1994) Mechanisms of magnesium- sodium sulfate attack in plain and blended cements. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 6, 201–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodríguez-Camacho, R.E. & Uribe-Afif, R. (2002) Importance of using the natural pozzolans on concrete durability. Cement and Concrete Research, 32, 1851–1858.Google Scholar
Sabir, B., Wild, S. & Bai, J. (2001) Metakaolin and calcined clays as pozzolans for concrete; a review. Cement, Concrete Composites, 6, 441–454.Google Scholar
Wild, S., Khatib, J.M. & Jones, A. (1996) Relative strength, pozzolanic activity and cement hydration in superplasticised metakaolin concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 26, 1537–1544.Google Scholar