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Adsorption of alkylammonium cations by montmorillonite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

B. K. G. Theng ,
D. J. Greenland  and
J. P. Quirk
B. K. G. Theng
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia
D. J. Greenland
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Biochemistry and Soil Science, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia
J. P. Quirk
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia
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Abstract

The adsorption of various alkylammonium cations from aqueous solution by sodium and calcium montmorillonite has been studied. Adsorption occurred through an exchange reaction between the inorganic cations on the clay and the alkylammonium ions in solution. The affinity of the clay for these cations was linearly related to molecular weight, with the exception of the smaller methyl-ammonium and the larger quaternary ammonium ions. Comparison of primary, secondary and tertiary amines containing the same alkyl groups showed that the affinity of the clay was greatest for the primary amine and least for the tertiary. This behaviour has been interpreted in terms of the size and shape of the cations. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that no more than a single layer of adsorbed cations was present in the inter-lamellar space at maximum adsorption. Comparison between Δ-values and the thickness of the adsorbed ions showed that there was a contraction in the apparent contact distance of these cations. The amount of contraction could be accounted for by ‘keying’ of the adsorbed ions into the montmorillonite surface.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 7 , Issue 1 , July 1967 , pp. 1 - 17
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1967

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