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Communist Language Policies for China's Ethnic Minorities: The First Decade

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2009

Henry G. Schwarz
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Extract

When the Chinese Communists spelled out their policy of regional autonomy for ethnic minorities, it appeared to many observers that a significant break with the past had been made. Throughout China's modern history, central governments sought to amalgamate the various ethnic minorities with the dominant Han group. Now, hi 1949, it seemed as if, for the first time, a central Chinese government was determined to end this process of sinification and to give its non-Chinese subjects a degree of autonomy. This self-rule, as outlined hi official documents of the Peking regime, included the administrative, economic, educational and cultural spheres of life.

Type
The Intellectuals (III)
Information
The China Quarterly , Volume 12 , December 1962 , pp. 170 - 182
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 1962

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References

1 Mou-chi, Fu, “Brilliant success scored in nationalities language work,” Min-tzu Tuan-chieh, 07 6, 1959.Google Scholar

2 New China News Agency (NCNA), October 13, 1951.

3 Fu Mou-chi, op. cit.

4 NCNA, June 4, 1954.

5 Ibid.

6 NCNA, November 28, 1954.

7 NCNA, December 6, 1955.

8 People's Daily (Jen-min Jih-pao), 02 3, 1956.Google Scholar

9 Hsüeh-liang, Ma, “Development of written languages for China's minorities during the past few years,” Hsin Chlen-she, 04 1957.Google Scholar

10 China News Service, 11 16, 1956.Google Scholar These languages were Mongolian, Tibetan, Uighur, Kazakh and Korean. The two languages scheduled for later consideration were Chuang and Thai.

11 Kuang-ming Jih-pao, 12 4, 1957Google Scholar

12 Reprinted in FU Mou-chi, op. cit.

13 Ibid.

14 Ibid.

15 NCNA, April 18, 1958.

16 Fu Mou-chi, op. cit.

17 Nei-meng-kit Jih-pao (Inner Mongolian Daily), Huhehot, 10 21, 1954.Google Scholar

18 NCNA, Kuri-sui, June 16, 1953.

19 Kuang-ming Jth-pao, 08 28, 1953.Google Scholar

20 NCNA—English, Kuei-sui, July 12, 1953.

21 Kuang-ming Jih-pao, 08 28, 1953.Google Scholar

22 Nei-meng-ku Jih-pao, Huhehot, 10 21, 1954.Google Scholar

23 Ibid. The English tena for meng is league, a Mongol administrative unit of the same order as a province in intra-mural China but smaller in size.

24 Ibid.

25 The English term for ch'i is banner. This Mongol administrative unit is equivalent to the Chinese hslen (county).

26 NCNA—English, July 2, 1955.

27 NCNA—English, Huhehot, August 17, 1955.

28 NCNA, Huhehot, September 5, 1955.

29 NCNA—English, Huhehot, February 3, 1956.

30 NCNA, Huhehot, May 23, 1956.

31 People's Daily, 11 25, 1956.Google Scholar

32 NCNA—English, Huhehot, December 27, 1956.

33 Nei-meng-ku Jih-pao, Huhehot, 10 23, 1956.Google Scholar

34 Ibid.

35 Ibid.

36 NCNA—English, Huhehot, May 26, 1959.

37 NCNA—English, July 2, 1955.

38 NCNA, Urumchi, August 13, 1956.

39 NCNA, Urumchi, April 14, 1957.

40 NCNA, Sining, August 8, 1956.

41 Hsin-chiang Jih-pao (Sinklang Daily), Urumchi, 03 24, 1955.Google Scholar

42 NCNA—English, Urumchi, August 27, 1956.

43 NCNA—Enelish. Urumchi. June 21. 1958.