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Characteristics and long-term outcome for congenital left main coronary artery atresia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 March 2022

Etsuko Tsuda Open the ORCID record for Etsuko Tsuda [Opens in a new window] ,
Toshikatsu Yagihara ,
Shinya Tsukano ,
Hajime Ichikawa  and
Soichiro Kitamura
Etsuko Tsuda*
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Toshikatsu Yagihara
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Shinya Tsukano
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Niigata City General Hospital, Niigata, Japan
Hajime Ichikawa
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Soichiro Kitamura
Affiliation:
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
*
Author for correspondence: Etsuko Tsuda, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-shinmachi, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8565, Japan. Tel: +81 6 6170 1070; Fax: +81 6 6170 1782. E-mail: etsuda@ncvc.go.jp
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Abstract

The prevalence of congenital left main coronary artery atresia is very low. We report the characteristics and long-term outcomes of four children with left main coronary artery atresia. Three patients had heart murmurs due to mitral regurgitation at less than 1 year old. Their myocardial ischaemia worsened on exercise with aging. In the fourth patient, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Noonan syndrome were suspected at 1 year old. The development of communicating arteries between the conus branch and the left anterior descending artery was detected at 7 years old. The left main coronary artery atresia was confirmed by a selective coronary angiogram at 15 years old. Congenital left main coronary artery atresia could not be diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography; however, the left coronary arteries were small. Two patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting of the left anterior descending artery using the left internal thoracic artery at 3 years and 6 years old, respectively. Two patients had an angioplasty with a cut back at the orifice of the left coronary artery at 2 years old and 17 years old, respectively. Two patients had no cardiac events without medication for more than 30 years after the operation. We must differentiate the diagnosis of left main coronary artery atresia in the small left coronary arteries with mitral regurgitation during the first year. Coronary artery revascularisation and mitral annuloplasty are needed. The long-term outcome of both coronary artery bypass grafting and angioplasty were good. The degree of mitral regurgitation after surgery may affect the prognosis.

Keywords

Left main coronary artery atresiamitral regurgitationcoronary artery bypass graftingleft main coronary angioplastyNoonan syndrome
Type
Original Article
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 33 , Issue 3 , March 2023 , pp. 383 - 387
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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