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Consular Immunity: Alleged Criminal Activities of a Consular Officer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2016

Edward G. Lee Q.C.
Affiliation:
Department of Foreign Affairs
Alvin J. Shidlowski
Affiliation:
Rotenberg, Shidlowski & Morton
Julian K. Roy
Affiliation:
Rotenberg, Shidlowski & Morton
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Summary

A recent decision of the Ontario Court of Justice (Provincial Division) involving criminal charges of perjury and attempting to obstruct justice against a consular officer posted in Toronto was the occasion for a comprehensive review of the scope and application of consular immunity in Canada. Contrary to the arguments presented by the attorney general of Ontario and the evidence and opinion of the secretary of state for External Affairs, Canada, the court ruled that the consular officer was immune from the criminal jurisdiction of the Court. The Court concluded that the consular officer’s actions were performed in the exerdse of consularfunctions and that while the impugned acts occurred outside the geographical consular district, the immunity was not compromised. The authors conclude that relief through diplomatic channels, rather than criminal prosecution, is the appropriate mechanism for addressing consular misconduct.

Sommaire

Sommaire

Récemment la Cour de justice de l’Ontario (Division provinciale) fut saisie d’une affaire où un fonctionnaire consulaire en poste à Toronto était accusé au criminel de parjure et d’entrave. La décision qu’en resuite procède à un examen complet de la portée et de l’application de l’immunité consulaire au Canada. A l’encontre des arguments présentés par le procureur général de l’Ontario, de la preuve et de l’opinion du secrétaire d’État aux Affaires extérieures du Canada, la Cour a décidé que le fonctionnaire consulaire était à l’abri de la juridiction criminelle de la Cour. Pour cette dernière, les actes avaient été accomplis par le fonctionnaire consulaire dans l’exercice de ses fonctions consulaires. Son immunité n’était donc pas compromise, même si les actes reprochés avaient été commis à l’extérieur de la circonscription consulaire. Selon les auteurs, pour obtenir réparation en cas d’inconduite de fonctionnaires consuhires, il faut, par conséquent, recourir à la voie diplomatique et non à des poursuites criminelles.

Type
Notes and Comments/Notes et commentaries
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Yearbook of International Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 1996 

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References

1 R. v. Bonadie (1996) 109 C.C.C. (3d) 356 (Ont. Prov. Div.), Lampkin Prov. Div. J. The case is digested infra in “Canadian Cases in Public International Law” in this text.

2 Lee, L., Consular Law and Practice (2nd ed., Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991).Google Scholar

3 See Brierly, J.L., The Law of Nations (6th ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1963)Google Scholar; International Law Commission, Draft Articles on Consular Relations, Doc. A/CONF. 25/6.

4 S.C. 1991, c. 41

5 E.g., Kindred, Hugh M. et al., International Law, Chiefly as Interpreted and Applied in Canada (4th ed., Toronto: Emond Montgomery, 1993)Google Scholar; Williams, Sharon and de Mestral, Armand, An Introduction to International Law, Chiefly as Interpreted and Applied in Canada (2nd ed., Toronto: Butterworths, 1987).Google Scholar

6 [1977] 1 Q.B. 529 (Eng. C.A.).

7 (1984) 10 C.C.C. (3d) 431 (Ont. CA.).

8 Lee, E.G. and Vechsler, M.J., “Sovereign, Diplomatic, and Consular Immunities,” in Macdonald, et al. (ed.), Canadian Perspectives on International Law and Organization (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1974) at 203.Google Scholar