Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-g7rbq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-26T22:51:12.575Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

“We are 9 degrees and sunny”: the use of personal pronouns with weather predicates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 May 2024

Jila Ghomeshi*
Affiliation:
University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
Mercedes Duncan
Affiliation:
University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

Abstract

This squib discusses a construction heard during weather reports on CBC Radio One in Manitoba whereby personal pronouns appear as the subjects of weather predicates. We show that the use of we/you in statements like we are minus 15 degrees and Brandon, you are sunny is unlike other non-prototypical uses for personal pronouns that have been noted in the literature and argue they index place rather than person. We note that the deictic coordinates of the utterance that are spelled out by these pronouns are necessary for a felicitous interpretation of weather statements, even though they are typically implicit. This implicit deixis, in turn, sheds light on a long-standing claim that weather-it, in contrast to a true expletive, is ‘quasi-argumental’ (Chomsky 1981). That is, we suggest that the deictic coordinates of an utterance are ‘quasi-arguments’.

Résumé

Résumé

Cette notule traite d'une construction entendue dans les bulletins météorologiques diffusés sur CBC Radio One au Manitoba, où les pronoms personnels apparaissent comme sujets des prédicats météorologiques. Nous montrons que l'utilisation de we/you dans des énoncés comme we are minus 15 degrees et Brandon, you are sunny est différente des autres utilisations non-typiques des pronoms personnels qui ont été notées dans la littérature, et nous soutenons qu'ils indexent le lieu plutôt que la personne. Nous notons que les coordonnées déictiques de l’énoncé qui sont précisées par ces pronoms sont nécessaires à une interprétation correcte des bulletins météorologiques, même si elles sont généralement implicites. Cette déixis implicite, à son tour, met en lumière une affirmation de longue date selon laquelle weather-it, contrairement à un véritable explétif, est « quasi-argumental » (Chomsky 1981). En d'autres termes, nous suggérons que les coordonnées déictiques d'un énoncé sont des « quasi-arguments. »

Type
Short/En bref
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Linguistic Association/Association canadienne de linguistique 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

We would like to thank the participants at YYC Pronouns Workshop that was held in 2019 at the University of Calgary where an earlier version of this work was presented by Jila Ghomeshi. We would also like to thank Betsy Ritter, Diane Massam, and the anonymous reviewers of this squib for very helpful comments and feedback. Jila would like to thank Marzieh Hadei for her research assistance in gathering data in the summer of 2019 and Mercedes gratefully acknowledges the University of Manitoba Undergraduate Research Award she held in the summer of 2022. All errors are our own.

References

Ackema, Peter, and Neeleman, Ad. 2018. Features of person: From the inventory of persons to their morphological realization. MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 1981. Lectures on government and binding. Dordrecht: Foris.Google Scholar
Demirdache, Hamida, and Uribe-Etxebarria, Myriam. 2004. The syntax of time adverbs. In The Syntax of Time, ed. Guéron, Jacqueline and Lecarme, Jacqueline, 143180. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eriksen, Pål, Kittilä, Seppo, and Kolemainen, Leena. 2010. The linguistics of weather: Cross-linguistic patterns of meteorological expressions. Studies in Language 34: 565601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eriksen, Pål, Kittilä, Seppo, and Kolemainen, Leena. 2015. The world is raining: Meteorological predicates and their subjects in a typological perspective. In Subjects in Constructions – Canonical and Non-Canonical, ed. Helasvuo, Marja-Liisa and Huumo, Tuomas, 205223. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Fillmore, Charles. 1997. Lectures on Deixis. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.Google Scholar
Gardelle, Laure. 2015. Let her rain, she's snowing pretty good: The use of feminine pronouns with weather verbs in colloquial English. Folia Linguistica 49(2): 353379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helmbrecht, Johannes. 2015. A typology of non-prototypical uses of person pronouns: Synchrony and diachrony. Journal of Pragmatics 88: 176189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joly, André. 1976. Towards a theory of gender in modern English. Essais de systématique énonciative. Lille: Presses Universitaires de Lille.Google Scholar
Larsson, Ida. 2014. Choice of non-referential subject in existential constructions and with weather-verbs. Nordic Atlas of Language Structures (NALS) Journal 1: 5571.Google Scholar
Levinson, Stephen C. 1983. Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levinson, Stephen C. 2004. Deixis. In The Handbook of Pragmatics, ed. Horn, Laurence R. and Ward, Gregory, 97112. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Mathiot, Madeleine, and Marjorie, Roberts. 1979. Sex roles as revealed through referential gender in American English. In Ethnolinguistics: Boas, Sapir and Whorf revisited, ed. Madeleine Mathiot, 147. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Piepers, Joske, Maria van de Groep, Hans van Halteren, and de Hoop, Helen. 2021. “Amsterdam, you're raining!” First-hand experience in tweets with spatio-temporal addressees. Journal of Pragmatics 176: 97109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saeed, John I. 2016. Semantics. 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Stenroos, Merja. 2008. Order out of chaos? The English gender change in the Southwest Midlands as a process of semantically based reorganization. English Language and Linguistics 12(3): 445473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Svartengren, Torsten H. 1927. The feminine gender for inanimate things in Anglo-American. American Speech 3: 83113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, John R. 2003. Linguistic Categorization. 3rd ed., Third Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar