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A TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT MODEL OF REEMERGENCE OF IPS CALLIGRAPHUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Terence L. Wagner ,
Richard O. Flamm  and
Robert N. Coulson
Terence L. Wagner
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA 77843
Richard O. Flamm
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA 77843
Robert N. Coulson
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA 77843
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Abstract

Reemergence of Ips calligraphus (Germar) was studied at nine constant temperatures from 10 to 37.5°C. The relationship of adult residence time to temperature formed a backward "J"-shaped curve. Median residence times ranged from 6.25 days at 30°C to 163.5 days at 10°C. The distributions of residence times changed with temperature and were nearly uniform at the low temperatures, peaked and skewed to the right at the intermediate temperatures, and nearly symmetric at the high temperatures. Greater than 93% of all adults reemerged at temperatures from 12.5 to 35°C but only 56% reemerged at 37.5°C. Female residence time was about 26% longer than the male. A mathematical function of reemergence rates versus constant temperatures and a distribution function of normalized reemergence times predicted percentage reemergence of a population through time. In simulations, a multiple-cohort procedure was applied using frequency distributions of field attacks to identify the starting times of the model. Model predictions compared favorably with reemergence from three trees in each of four field plots.

Résumé

On a étudié la réémergence de l’Ips calligraphus (Germar) à neuf températures constantes variant de 10 à 37,5°C. La relation entre le temps de résidence des adultes et la température décrit une courbe en "J" inversé. La médiane des temps de résidence a varié de 6,25 jours à 30°C, jusqu’à 163,5 jours à 10°C. Les distributions des temps de résidence ont changé avec la température : presqu’uniformes à basse température, elles étaient concentrées et biaisées à droite aux températures moyennes, et presque symétriques aux températures élevées. Plus de 93% des adultes sont réémergés aux températures de 12,5 à 35°C, mais seulement 56% sont ressortis à 37,5°C. Le temps de résidence des femelles était d’environ 26% plus long que celui des mâles. Une fonction mathématique décrivant le taux de réémergence par rapport à la température constante, et une fonction de distribution décrivant les temps de réémergence normalisés ont permis de modéliser l’évolution du pourcentage de réémergence d’une population dans le temps. Lors des simulations, on a appliqué une méthode reposant sur des cohortes multiples dont les temps de départ étaient fixés à partir des distributions de fréquence des attaques telles qu’observées sur le terrain. Les prévisions du modèle se comparaient favorablement aux observations de la réémergence dans quatre parcelles d’étude sur le terrain.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 118 , Issue 9 , September 1986 , pp. 901 - 911
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1986

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