Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pjpqr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-22T10:04:12.141Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Taxonomy of Cocoons and Puparia, and their Contents, of Canadian Parasites of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Thelma Finlayson
Thelma Finlayson
Affiliation:
Entomology Research Institute for Biological Control, Research Branch, Canada Department of Agriculture, Belleville, Ontario.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

This is the first of a danned series of pauers on the taxonomy of the cocoons and puparia, cast larval skins, and other remains of parasitic Hymenoptera and Diptera that are found in or near the remains of parasitized hosts after the parasites have emerged. The study is based. at least initially, on the host species so that the keys and descriptions may be of use to those who work on the host species as such and who wish to name parasite remains they encounter. The parasites of Diprionidae will be dealt with first, because of the economic significance of these sawflies. The present paper deals with the known Canadian parasites of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.), and includes descriptions of the structures that are of taxonomic significance and of the methods used in their study; these descriptions will be in general applicable to the species to be discussed in subsequent papers.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 92 , Issue 1 , January 1960 , pp. 20 - 47
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1960

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aldrich, J. M., and Webber, R. T.. 1924. The North American species of parasitic two-winged flies belonging to the genus Phorocera and allied genera. Proc. United States Nat. Mus. 63: 1–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baird, A. B. 1939. Biological control of insect pests in Canada with special reference to the control of the European spruce sawfly Gilpinia polytoma Htg. Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario 70: 51–56.Google Scholar
Baird, A. B. 1941. The spruce sawfly parasite situation in 1940. Pulp and Paper Mag. Canada 42 (2): 159–161.Google Scholar
Baldwin, W. F., and Coppel, H. C.. 1947. Observations on the emergence of Phorocera hamata A. and W. (Tachinidae) from sawfly cocoons. Canadian Ent. 79: 221–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldwin, W. F., and Coppel, H. C.. 1949. The biology of Phorocera hamata A. and W., a tachinid parasite of sawflies. Canadian Ent. 81: 237–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beirne, B. P. 1941. A consideration of the cephalic structures and spiracles of the final instar larvae of the Ichneumonidae (Hym.). Trans. Soc. British Ent. 7: 123–190.Google Scholar
Benjamin, D. M. 1955. The biology and ecology of the red-headed pine sawfly. U.S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. 1118.Google Scholar
Berg, V. L. 1940. The external morphology of the immature stages of the bee fly, Systoechus vulgaris Loew, (Diptera, Bombyliidae), a predator of grasshopper egg pods. Canadian Ent. 72: 169–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, A. R. 1952. Identificaron of Bombyliid parasites and hyperparasites of Phalaenidae of the Prairie Provinces of Canada, with descriptions of six other Bombyliid pupae (Diptera). Canadian Ent. 84: 357–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burks, B. D. 1958. Superfamily Chalcidoidea. In Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic Catalog, by Krombein, K. V. and others, U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monogr. 2, Suppl. 1.Google Scholar
Coppel, H. C. 1954. Notes on the parasites of Neodiprion nanulus Schedi. Canadian Ent. 86: 167–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craighead, F. C. 1950. Insect enemies of eastern forests. U.S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 657.Google Scholar
Cushman, R. A. 1939. New Ichneumon flies parasitic on the hemlock sawfly (Neodiprion tsugae Middleton). J. Washington Acad. Sci. 29: 391–402.Google Scholar
Cushman, R. A. 1940. A review of the parasitic wasps of the ichneumonid genus Exenterus Hartig. U.S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 354: 1–14.Google Scholar
Cushman, R. A. 1943. Further notes on Exenterus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Canadian Ent. 75: 169–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dowden, P. B. 1939. Present status of the European spruce sawfly, Diprion polytomum (Htg.), in the United States, J. Econ. Ent. 32: 619–624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finlayson, L. R., and Finlayson, Thelma. 1958a. Parasitism of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), in southwestern Ontario. Canadian Ent. 90: 223–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finlayson, L. R., and Finlayson, Thelma. 1958b. Notes on parasites of Diprionidae in Europe and Japan and their establishment in Canada on Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Canadian Ent. 90: 557–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finlayson, L. R., and Finlayson, Thelma. 1958c. Notes on parasitism of a spruce sawfly, Diprion polytomum (Htg.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), in Czechoslovakia and Scandinavia. Canadian Ent. 90: 584–589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furniss, R. L., and Dowden, P. B.. 1941. Western hemlock sawfly, Neodiprion tsugae Middleton, and its parasites in Oregon. J. Econ. Ent. 34: 46–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gahan, A. B. 1938. Notes on some genera and species of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 40: 209–227.Google Scholar
Girth, H. B., and McCoy, E. E.. 1946a. Five Ichneumonidae reared from cocoons of the European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.), J. New York Ent. Soc. 54: 320.Google Scholar
Girth, H. B., and McCoy, E. E.. 1946b. Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.), a sawfly injurious to pines in New Jersey, and parasite work for its control. New Jersey Dept. Agr. Circ. 363.Google Scholar
Griffiths, K. J. 1959. Observations on the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) and its parasites in southern Ontario. Canadian Ent. 91: 501–512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hetrick, L. A. 1941. Life history studies of Neodiprion americanum Leach. J. Econ. Ent. 34: 373–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, C. C., and Pinckney, J. S.. 1940. Keys to the parasites of the Hessian fly based on remains left in the host puparium. U.S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. No. 715. 23 pp.Google Scholar
Morris, K. R. S. 1937. The prepupal stage in Ichneumonidae, illustrated by the life-history of Exenterus abruptorius Thb. Bull. Ent. Res. 28: 525–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, K. R. S. 1938. Eupelmella vesicularis Retz. (Chalcididae) as a predator of another chalcid, Microplecton fuscipennis Zett. Parasitology 30: 20–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, K. R. S., and Cameron, E.. 1935. The biology of Microplectron fuscipennis, Zett. (Chalcid), a parasite of the pine sawfly (Diprion sertifer, Geoff.). Bull. Ent. Res. 26: 407–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, K. R. S., Cameron, E., and Jepson, W. F.. 1937. The insect parasites of the spruce sawfly (Diprion polytomum, Htg.) in Europe. Bull. Ent. Res. 28: 341–393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peck, O. 1951. Superfamily Chalcidoidea. In Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic catalog, by Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V., Townes, H. K., and others, pp. 410–594. U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monogr. 2.Google Scholar
Peirson, H. B. 1941. Control of work on European spruce sawfly in 1940. Bienn. Rept. For. Comm. Maine No. 23.Google Scholar
Raizenne, H. 1957. Forest sawflies of southern Ontario and their parasites. Canada Dept. Agr. Publication No. 1009.Google Scholar
Reeks, W. A. 1938. Native insect parasites and predators attacking Diprion polytomum (Htg.) in Canada. Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario 69: 25–28.Google Scholar
Reeks, W. A. 1952. Establishment of Exenterus spp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), parasites of the European spruce sawfly, near points of introduction. Canadian Ent. 84: 76–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reeks, W. A. 1953. The establishment of introduced parasites of the European spruce sawfly (Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)) in the Maritime Provinces. Canadian J. Agr. Sci. 33: 405–429.Google Scholar
Short, J. R. T. 1952. The morphology of the head of larval Hymenoptera with special reference to the head of Ichneumonoidea, including a classification of the final instar larvae of the Braconidae. Trans. Roy. Ent. Soc. London 103: 27–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snodgrass, R. E. 1928. Morphology and evolution of the insect head and its appendages. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 81 (3): 158 pp.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, R. E. 1935. Principles of Insect Morphology. New York.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, R. E. 1947. The insect cranium and the “epicranial suture”. Smithsonian Misc. Loll. 107 (7): 52 pp.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, R. E. 1950. Comparative studies on the jaws of mandibulate arthropods. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 116 (1): 85 pp.Google Scholar
Thompson, W. R. 1928. A contribution to the study of the dipterous parasites of the European earwig (Forficula auricularia L.). Parasitology 20: 123–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, W. R. 1944. A catalogue of the parasites and predators of insect pests. Imperial Agric. Bur., Inst. Ent. Parasite Service.Google Scholar
Thorpe, W. H. 1930. Observations on the parasites of the pine-shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana Schiff. Bull. Ent. Res. 21: 387–412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Townes, H., and Townes, M.. 1951. Superfamily Ichneumonoidea, Family Ichneumonidae. In Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic catalog, by Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V., Townes, H. K., and others, pp. 184–409. U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monogr. 2.Google Scholar
Vance, A. M., and Smith, H. D.. 1933. The larval head of parasitic Hymenoptera and nomenclature of its parts. Ann. Ent. Soc. America 26: 86–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walkley, L. M. 1958. Superfamily Ichneumonoidea, Family Ichneumonidae. In Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic catalog, by Krombein, K. V. and others, U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monogr. 2, Suppl. 1.Google Scholar
Walley, G. S. 1933. New and little known Canadian parasitic Hymenoptera. Canadian Ent. 65: 253–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar