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Spring emergence of Canadian Delia radicum and synchronization with its natural enemy, Aleochara bilineata

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

L.D. Andreassen ,
U. Kuhlmann ,
J.W. Whistlecraft ,
J.J. Soroka ,
P.G. Mason ,
O.O. Akinremi  and
N.J. Holliday
L.D. Andreassen
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
U. Kuhlmann
Affiliation:
CABI Europe – Switzerland, 1 rue des Grillons, 2800 Delémont, Switzerland
J.W. Whistlecraft
Affiliation:
Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sanford Street, London, Ontario, Canada N5V 4T3
J.J. Soroka
Affiliation:
Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X2
P.G. Mason
Affiliation:
Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
O.O. Akinremi
Affiliation:
Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
N.J. Holliday*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
*
1 Corresponding author (e-mail: Neil_Holliday@umanitoba.ca).
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Abstract

To characterize time of spring emergence following post-diapause development, Delia radicum (L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and southwestern Ontario were collected in fall, maintained over winter at 1 °C, then transferred to higher constant temperatures until adult emergence. At each location there were “early” and “late” phenotypes. Truncated normal models of temperature dependency of development rate were fitted for each phenotype from each location. We provide the first evidence of geographic variation in the criteria separating these phenotypes. Separation criteria and models for early and late phenotypes at the two prairie locations, approximately 700 km apart, were indistinguishable, but differed from those for Ontario. Prairie phenotypes developed more slowly than Ontario phenotypes, and more prairie individuals were of the late phenotype. Poor synchronization of spring emergence could impair predation of D. radicum eggs by adult Aleochara bilineata Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Aleochara bilineata from Manitoba were reared and development rates modelled as for D. radicum. Models of development rates for the two species, when combined with simulated soil temperatures for two prairie locations, suggest that emergence of adult A. bilineata is well synchronized with availability of D. radicum eggs in prairie canola.

Résumé

Afin de caractériser le moment de l'émergence printanière qui suit le développement d'après la diapause, nous avons récolté des Delia radicum (L.) (Diptera : Anthomyiidae) dans des cultures de Saskatchewan, du Manitoba et du sud-ouest de l'Ontario à l'automne, les avons conservés durant l'hiver à 1 °C, puis transférés à des températures constantes plus élevées jusqu’à l'émergence des adultes. À chaque site, il y avait des phénotypes « hâtif » et « tardif ». Des modèles normaux tronqués de la dépendance du taux de développement de la température ont pu être ajustés à chaque phénotype à chacun des sites. Nous présentons les premières données qui montrent une variation géographique des critères qui séparent ces phénotypes. Les critères de séparation et les modèles des phénotypes hâtifs et tardifs ne peuvent être distingués entre les sites des prairies distants d'environ 700 km, mais ceux-ci se démarquent de ceux de l'Ontario. Les phénotypes des prairies se développent plus lentement que les phénotypes de l'Ontario et un plus grand nombre des D. radicum des prairies appartiennent au phénotype tardif. Une faible synchronisation de l'émergence printanière pourrait entraver la prédation des œufs de D. radicum par les adultes d'Alaeochara bilineata Gyllenhal (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae). Nous avons fait des élevages d'A. bilineata du Manitoba et modélisé leur taux de développement comme nous l'avions fait pour D. radicum. Les modèles des taux de développement des deux espèces, combinés aux températures simulées des sols de deux sites des prairies, indiquent que l'émergence des adultes d'A. bilineata est bien synchronisée avec la disponibilité des œufs de D. radicum dans les cultures de colza des prairies.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 142 , Issue 3 , June 2010 , pp. 234 - 249
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2010

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