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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOLIAR CHEMISTRY AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF NORWAY SPRUCE (PINACEAE) TO PRISTIPHORA ABIETINA (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Christa Schafellner ,
Roland Berger ,
Arno Dermutz ,
Erwin Führer  and
Jutta Mattanovich
Christa Schafellner*
Affiliation:
Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology and Forest Protection, University of Agricultural Sciences, HasenauerstraBe 38, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
Roland Berger
Affiliation:
Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology and Forest Protection, University of Agricultural Sciences, HasenauerstraBe 38, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
Arno Dermutz
Affiliation:
Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology and Forest Protection, University of Agricultural Sciences, HasenauerstraBe 38, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
Erwin Führer
Affiliation:
Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology and Forest Protection, University of Agricultural Sciences, HasenauerstraBe 38, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
Jutta Mattanovich
Affiliation:
Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology and Forest Protection, University of Agricultural Sciences, HasenauerstraBe 38, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
*
1Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed.
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Abstract

Following a 3-year period of high populations of the little spruce sawfly, Pristiphora abietina Christ, a monophagous species infesting Norway spruce, Picea abies Karst., we compared variations in foliar nutrients (nitrogen, water, soluble carbohydrates, starch) and potential defensive compounds (fiber, quinic and shikimic acids, tannins) of trees that had been subjected to high or very low levels of defoliation. During the time of needle expansion a substantial decline in leaf quality occurred: nitrogen, water, and carbohydrate levels decreased, whereas fiber and starch concentrations increased. Allelochemicals such as tannins and organic acids, however, peaked at bud break and then rapidly declined. More heavily attacked trees had higher nitrogen, water, and fiber contents but lower starch and organic acid concentrations than lightly attacked trees. The needle tannin content was significantly lower in heavily attacked trees throughout the period of larval feeding. Needle tannin levels and the nitrogen to tannin ratios seem to be the most probable traits to distinguish sawfly-resistant from sawfly-susceptible Norway spruce trees.

Résumé

Après 3 ans d’importantes infestations de la Tenthrède de l’épinette, Pristiphora abietina Christ, une espèce monophage parasite de l’épinette de Norvège, Picea abies Karst., nous avons comparé les variations dans les nutriments des feuilles (azote, eau, hydrates de carbone solubles, amidon) et les substances de défense présumées (fibres, acide quinique, acide shikimique, tanins) des arbres soumis à des degrés élevés ou très faibles de défoliation. Durant la période d’expansion des aiguilles, il s’est produit une importante diminution de la qualité du feuillage : les concentrations d’azote, d’eau et d’hydrates de carbone ont baissé, alors que les concentrations de fibres et d’amidon ont augmenté. Les substances allélochimiques telles que les tanins et les acides organiques ont cependant atteint leurs concentrations maximales à l’éclosion des bourgeons et ont par la suite diminué rapidement. Les arbres les plus parasités avaient des contenus en azote, en eau et en fibres plus élevés, mais des concentrations d’amidon et d’acides organiques plus faibles que les arbres moins parasités. Le contenu en tanins des aiguilles s’est avéré signifîcativement plus faible dans les arbres très parasités durant la période d’alimentation des larves. Les concentrations de tanins et les rapports azote/tanins sont sans doute les principales caractéristiques qui distinguent les épinettes de Norvège résistantes aux tenthrèdes, des épinettes qui sont sensibles à ces insectes.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 131 , Issue 3 , June 1999 , pp. 373 - 385
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1999

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