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LIFE HISTORY, BEHAVIOUR, AND MORTALITY OF THE WESTERN ASH BARK BEETLE, HYLESINUS CALIFORNICUS (SWAINE) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

David W. Langor  and
Colin R. Hergert
David W. Langor*
Affiliation:
Forestry Canada Northwest Region, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 - 122 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5
Colin R. Hergert
Affiliation:
Calgary Parks and Recreation, PO Box 2100, Station M, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 2M5
*
1Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
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Abstract

The life history, behaviour, and mortality of the western ash bark beetle, Hylesinus californicus (Swaine), was investigated in green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanicus var. subintergerrima (Vahl) Fern., in Calgary, Alberta. This species is univoltine with an apparent obligate diapause in the adult (overwintering) stage. Adults emerge from overwintering sites in the bases of ash boles from mid-April to mid-May and fly or walk up the bole to the crown where maturation feeding, mating, and reproduction occur. Eggs are present by late April, larvae by early May, pupae by mid-July, and new adults by late July. There are three larval instars. Beetles emerge from larval galleries in August and enter fresh phloem in uninfested parts of branches to feed for up to 6 weeks. Beetles leave feeding galleries from mid-September to early November and migrate by walking, falling, and flying to overwintering sites in the base of ash boles. Total mortality from egg to eclosed brood adult was 80.6%. Disease, parasitoids, and dehydration were the main causes of mortality. Eight hymenopterous parasitoid species were identified; the pteromalid wasp Rhaphitelus maculatus Walker was the most abundant. Tree hazard rating, maintenance of tree health, removal of susceptible and infested host material, and application of pesticides are suggested for management of western ash bark beetle populations.

Résumé

Le cycle biologique, le comportement et la mortalité ont été étudiés chez le Scolyte du Frêne de l’Ouest, Hylesinus californicus (Swaine) sur des Frênes rouges, Fraxinus pennsylvanicus var, subintergerrima (Vahl) Fern,, à Calgary en Alberta. L’espèce est univoltine et il semble y avoir une diapause obligatoire chez les adultes qui survivent à l’hiver. Les adultes sortent de leur site d’hibernation à la base des troncs entre la mi-avril et la mi-mai et ils gagnent le sommet de l’arbre, en volant ou en marchant sur le tronc, pour y manger, atteindre leur maturité, s’accoupler et pondre. On peut trouver des oeufs dès la fin d’avril, des larves au début de mai, des nymphes vers la mi-juillet et de nouveaux adultes à la fin de juillet. Il y a trois stades larvaires. Les adultes sortent des tunnels larvaires en août et envahissent le phloème frais, dans des parties saines des branches, et s’y nourrissent jusqu’à 6 semaines. Les scolytes quittent leurs tunnels alimentaires entre la mi-septembre et le début de novembre et migrent alors vers leurs sites d’hibernation à la base des troncs en marchant, en se laissant tomber ou en volant. La mortalité totale du stade oeuf à la fin de l’émergence des adultes a été évaluée à 80,6%. La maladie, les parasitoïdes et la déshydratation sont les principales causes de la mortalité. Huit espèces de parasitoïdes hyménoptères ont été identifiées et la plus abondante est la guêpe ptéromalidée Rhaphitelus maculatus Walker. L’évaluation des dommages aux arbres, la préservation de la santé des arbres, l’amputation des parties infestées ou susceptibles de l’être et l’administration de pesticides sont recommandées comme stratégies d’aménagement des populations de Scolytes du Frêne de l’Ouest.

[Traduit par la rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 125 , Issue 5 , October 1993 , pp. 801 - 814
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1993

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