Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-skm99 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T01:15:56.963Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

INTER- AND INTRASPECIFIC LARVAL COMPETITION IN APHIDIUS SMITHI AND PRAON PEQUODORUM (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

F. J. Chow  and
M. Mackauer
F. J. Chow
Affiliation:
Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6
M. Mackauer
Affiliation:
Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Superparasitism and multiple parasitism of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), by the solitary hymenopterous parasites Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao and Praon pequodorum Viereck were studied in the laboratory. In intraspecific competition, an older larva usually eliminated a younger one; exceptions to this rule depended on the relative age difference and developmental stage of the competitors. In interspecific competition, P. pequodorum was intrinsically superior to A. smithi, regardless of the latter's age. The stage of host parasitized and the number of competing larvae had no significant effect on the outcome of the contest. A. smithi females discriminated against aphids previously parasitized by a conspecific female or by P. pequodorum, the degree of oviposition restraint increasing with the time between ovipositions. P. pequodorum females attacked aphids already parasitized by A. smithi, regardless of the age of the Aphidius larva, but avoided oviposition when the aphid contained a Praon larva or embryo. The rate of embryonic development is shown as a major factor in contest-type competition between first-stage larvae.

Résumé

Le superparasitisme et le parasitisme multiple du puceron du pois, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) par les parasites hyménoptères solitaires Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao et Praon pequodorum Viereck, ont été étudiés au laboratoire. Dans les cas de compétition intra-spécifique, une larve plus agée a généralement éliminé une larve plus jeune; les exceptions à cette règle dépendaient de la différence relative d'âge et du stade de développement des compétiteurs. Dans les cas de compétition interspécifique, P. pequodorum s'est révélé intrinsèquement supérieur à A. smithi, peu importe l'âge de ce dernier. Le stade de l'hôte parasité et le nombre de larves concurrentes n'ont pas eu d'effet significatif sur le résultat de la compétition. Les femelles d'A. smithi ont discriminé les hôtes déjà parasités par une femelle conspécifique ou par P. pequodorum, le degré restriction de l'oviposition augmentant avec le temps écoulé entre les ovipositions. Les femelles de P. pequodorum ont attaqué les pucerons déjà parasités par A. smithi peu importe l'âge de la larve d'Aphidius, mais ont évité la ponte dans un puceron contenant une larve ou un embryon de Praon. La vitesse de développement embryonnaire apparait comme facteur d'importance majeure dans la compétition de type concurrence entre larves de premier stade.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 116 , Issue 8 , August 1984 , pp. 1097 - 1107
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aeschlimann, J.-P. 1981. Occurrence and natural enemies of Therioaphis trifolii Monell and Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Homoptera, Aphididae) on lucerne in the Mediterranean region. Acta oecol. 2: 3–11.Google Scholar
Angalet, G. W. and Coles, L. W.. 1966. The establishment of Aphidius smithi in the eastern United States. J. econ. Ent. 59: 769–770.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Angalet, G. W. and Fuester, R.. 1977. The Aphidius parasites of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum in the eastern half of the United States. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 70: 87–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakker, K., Bagchee, S. N., van Zwet, W. R., and Meelis, E.. 1967. Host discrimination in Pseudeucoila bochei (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Entomologia exp. appl. 10: 295–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broussal, G. 1963. Le superparasitisme et l'élimination des larves surnuméraires chez Aphidius brassicae (Hyménoptère Aphidiidae). C. r. hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci., Paris 256: 1834–1837.Google Scholar
Campbell, A. and Mackauer, M.. 1973. Some climatic effects on the spread and abundance of two parasites of the pea aphid in British Columbia (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae – Homoptera: Aphididae). Z. angew. Ent. 74: 47–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, A. and Mackauer, M.. 1975. Thermal constants for development of the pea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and some of its parasites. Can. Ent. 107: 419–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chorney, R. J. and Mackauer, M.. 1979. The larval instars of Aphidius smithi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Can. Ent. 111: 631–634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chow, F. J. 1982. Biology and behavior of Praon pequodorum Viereck (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), a parasitoid of the pea aphid. Ph.D. Thesis, Fordham Univ.Google Scholar
Ehler, L. E. 1979. Assessing competitive interactions in parasite guilds prior to introduction. Environ. Ent. 8: 558–560.Google Scholar
Finney, D. J. 1971. Probit Analysis, 3rd ed. Cambridge Univ. Press. xv + 333 pp.Google Scholar
Fisher, R. C. 1961. A study in insect multiparasitism, II The mechanism and control of competition for the host. J. exp. Biol. 38: 605–628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Force, D. C. 1974. Ecology of insect host-parasitoid communities. Science 184: 624–632.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Force, D. C. and Messenger, P. S.. 1965. Laboratory studies on competition among three parasites of the spotted alfalfa aphid Therioaphis maculata (Buckton). Ecology 46: 853–859.Google Scholar
Gonzalez, D., White, W., Hall, J., and Dickson, R. C.. 1978. Geographical distribution of Aphidiidae (Hym.) imported to California for biological control of Acyrthosiphon kondoi and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hom.: Aphididae). Entomophaga 23: 239–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halfhill, J. E., Featherston, P. E., and Dickie, A. G.. 1972. History of the Praon and Aphidius parasites of the pea aphid in the Pacific northwest. Environ. Ent. 1: 402–405.Google Scholar
Hewlett, P. S. and Plackett, R. L.. 1979. An Introduction to the Interpretation of Quantal Responses in Biology. E. Arnold, London. iv + 79 pp.Google Scholar
Lenteren, J. C. van. 1976. The development of host discrimination and the prevention of superparasitism in the parasite Pseudeucoila bochei Weld (Hym.:Cynipidae). Neth. J. Zool. 26: 1–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackauer, M. 1973. Host selection and host suitability in Aphidius smithi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). pp. 20–29 in Lowe, A. D. (Ed.), Perspectives in Aphid Biology. Caxton Press, Christchurch, N.Z.123 pp.Google Scholar
Mackauer, M. and Bisdee, H. E.. 1965. Aphidius smithi Sharma and Subba Rao (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) a parasite of the pea aphid new in southern Ontario. Proc. ent. Soc. Ont. 95: 121–124.Google Scholar
Mackauer, M. and Stary, P.. 1967. World Aphidiidae (Hym. Ichneumonoidea). Le François, Paris. 195 pp. (Index of Entomophagous Insects.)Google Scholar
Matejko, I. 1978. Interspecific competitive behavior and ecology between Alloxysta megourae and two other hyperparasitoids, Dendrocerus carpenteri and Asaphes fletcheri (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae; Ceraphronidae; Pteromalidae). Ph.D. Thesis, Fordham Univ.Google Scholar
Pare, F., Cloutier, C., Huot, L., and McNeil, J. N.. 1979. Description of egg and larval stages of Aphidius nigripes. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 72: 620–626.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pielou, E. C. 1969. An Introduction to Mathematical Ecology. Wiley, N.Y. VIII + 286 pp.Google Scholar
Salt, G. 1934. Experimental studies in insect parasitism. II. Superparasitism. Proc. Roy. Soc. B, 114: 455–476.Google Scholar
Schlinger, E. I. and Hall, J. C.. 1960. The biology, behavior, and morphology of Praon palitans Muesebeck, an internal parasite of the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata (Buckton) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 53: 144–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlinger, E. I. and Hall, J. C.. 1961. The biology, behavior, and morphology of Trioxys (Trioxys) utilis, an internal parasite of the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 54: 34–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, H. S. 1916. An attempt to redefine the host relationships exhibited by entomophagous insects. J. econ. Ent. 9: 477–486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, H. S. 1929. Multiple parasitism: its relationship to the biological control of insect pests. Bull. ent. Res. 20: 141–149.Google Scholar
Spencer, H. 1926. Biology of the parasites and hyperparasites of aphids. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 19: 119–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Timberlake, P. H. 1910. Observations on the early stages of two aphidiine parasites of aphids. Psyche, Camb. 17: 125–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tremblay, E. 1966. Ricerche sugli imenotteri parassiti. III. Osservazioni sulla competizione intraspecifica negli Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Boll. Lab. Ent. agr. “Filippo Silvestri”, Portici 24: 209–225.Google Scholar
Wheeler, E. W. 1923. Some braconids parasitic on aphids and their life-history (Hym.). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 16: 1–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiackowski, S. K. 1962. Studies on the biology and ecology of Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasite of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Polskie Pismo ent. 37: 253–310.Google Scholar