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Influence of plant-hardiness zone, shoot length, and crown class on the incidence of gouting by the balsam woolly adelgid on balsam fir

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Bertrand Guillet ,
Andrew Morrison ,
Drew Carleton ,
Don Ostaff  and
Dan Quiring
Bertrand Guillet
Affiliation:
Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3
Andrew Morrison
Affiliation:
Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3
Drew Carleton
Affiliation:
Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3
Don Ostaff
Affiliation:
Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada E3B 5A3, and Atlantic Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1350 Regent Street South, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 2G6
Dan Quiring*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3
*
1 Corresponding author (e-mail: quiring@unb.ca).
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Abstract

We collected midcrown branches of balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. (Pinaceae), at six different sites located in five different plant-hardiness zones, along a north–south transect in New Brunswick, Canada, to evaluate the effect of plant-hardiness zone, crown class (overstory versus understory), and shoot length during the previous 10 years on the annual incidence of gouting by the balsam woolly adelgid, Adelges piceae (Ratzeburg) (Homoptera: Adelgidae). Site, crown class, and their interaction, along with the square of shoot length, explained 78% of the variation in gouting. Variations in gouting attributed to plant-hardiness zone were probably primarily due to variation in mean January temperature: at each site, the mean January temperature was positively and closely related to the mean level of gouting. The level of gouting was consistently higher on trees in the understory than on those in the overstory. Shoot length was parabolically related to the proportion of shoots with gout. The parabolic relationship between shoot size and the level of gouting is similar to that previously reported for galling adelgids, and suggests that gouting by A. piceae may be greatest on trees with an intermediate growth rate.

Résumé

Nous avons récolté des branches de sapin baumier, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. (Pinaceae), au niveau du milieu de la cime dans six sites différents situés dans cinq zones distinctes de rusticité végétale suivant un transect nord-sud au Nouveau-Brunswick, Canada, afin d'évaluer les effets de la zone de rusticité végétale, du type de cime (étage dominant vs sous-étage) et de la longueur des pousses durant les 10 dernières années sur l'incidence annuelle de renflements provoqués par le puceron lanigère du sapin, Adelges piceae (Ratzeburg) (Homoptera: Adelgidae). Le site, le type de cime et leur interaction, de même que la (longueur des pousses)2 expliquent 78% de la variation des renflements. La variation des renflements attribuée aux zones de rusticité végétale est probablement due surtout aux variations de la température moyenne en janvier; la température moyenne de janvier à chacun des sites est en corrélation positive et étroite avec la densité moyenne de renflements. L'incidence des renflements est toujours plus importante sur les arbres du sous-étage que sur ceux de l'étage dominant. Il y a une relation parabolique entre la longueur des pousses et la proportion des pousses porteuses de renflements. La relation parabolique entre la taille des pousses et l'incidence des renflements est semblable à celle signalée antérieurement pour la formation de galles d'adelgidés et laisse croire que la formation des renflements par A. piceae pourrait être maximale sur les arbres à taux de croissance intermédiaire.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 142 , Issue 5 , October 2010 , pp. 466 - 472
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2010

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