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HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND GRASSHOPPER COMMUNITY DYNAMICS ON MIXED-GRASS RANGELAND1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Mark A. Quinn ,
R.L. Kepner ,
D.D. Walgenbach ,
R.A. Bohls ,
P.D. Pooler ,
R. Nelson Foster ,
K.C. Reuter  and
J.L. Swain
Mark A. Quinn
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA 57007
R.L. Kepner
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA 57007
D.D. Walgenbach
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA 57007
R.A. Bohls
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA 57007
P.D. Pooler
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA 57007
R. Nelson Foster
Affiliation:
USDA/APHIS Methods Development, Pink Bollworm and Range Pests Station, 4125 East Broadway Road, Phoenix, Arizona, USA 85040
K.C. Reuter
Affiliation:
USDA/APHIS Methods Development, Pink Bollworm and Range Pests Station, 4125 East Broadway Road, Phoenix, Arizona, USA 85040
J.L. Swain
Affiliation:
USDA/APHIS Methods Development, Pink Bollworm and Range Pests Station, 4125 East Broadway Road, Phoenix, Arizona, USA 85040
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Abstract

A study was conducted in Butte County of western South Dakota to determine the relationships between habitat characteristics and spatial and temporal changes in community structure of grasshoppers on mixed-grass rangeland. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of 29 undisturbed grasshopper communities and correlation analysis of DCA axis values and habitat variables denned specific spatial gradients underlying the community structure of grasshoppers. Results indicated that grasshopper communities changed along a primary gradient of percentage of coverage of grasses, particularly Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm., and a secondary gradient of percentage composition of clay and sand in the soil.

DCA of 24 grasshopper communities sampled in 1986 and 1987, multiple regression analysis, and factor analysis were used to determine the relationships between specific habitat characteristics and changes in communities of grasshoppers treated with either a nonselective insecticidal spray (malathion) or a selective insecticidal bait (bran bait with carbaryl). Results indicated that between-year change in community composition, or the difference between post-treatment communities in 1986 and 1987, was positively correlated with percentage of coverage of total grasses and forbs. Community malleability, defined as the tendency of a community to return to its predisturbed state, was greater in habitats with high coverages of Agropyron smithii Rydb. and Carex spp., low coverage of Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud., and low species richness of grasses. Our results emphasize the importance of habitat characteristics in structuring undisturbed grasshopper communities and in community change after perturbation with insecticides.

Résumé

Une étude a été poursuivie dans Butte County, dans l’ouest du South Dakota, pour évaluer le rapport entre les caractéristiques de l’habitat et les changements spatiotemporels de la structure communautaire de criquets au grand pâturage consistant de graminacées assorties. L’analyse de correspondance dévalorisée (ACD) de 29 communautés non-dérangées de criquets et l’analyse des valeurs des axes de l’ACD et des paramètres variables de l’habitat ont définies les gradients spécifiques sous-jacents de la structure communautaire des criquets. Les résultats ont signalé que les communautés de criquets se changent le long du gradient primaire du pourcentage de couverture par les graminacées, surtout par Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm., et le long du gradient secondaire du pourcentage d’argile et de sable dans le sol.

L’ACD de 24 communautés de criquets échantillonnées en 1986 et 1987, l’analyse multiple de régression et l’analyse factorielle ont été utilisées pour évaluer le rapport entre les caractéristiques spécifiques d’habitat et les changements des communautés de criquets traitées, soit par pulvérisation d’un insecticide non-sélectif (malathion), soit d’un appât d’insecticide sélectif (un appât de son de froment avec carbaryle). Les résultats ont démontré que les changements en composition des communautés d’année en année ou que les différences entre les communautés suite aux traitements de 1986 et 1987, ont eu une corrélation positive avec le pourcentage de couverture globale par les graminacées et les plantes herbacées dicotylédones. La plasticité des communautés, définie comme la tendance d’une communauté de revenir à son état non-dérangé, a été plus grande aux habitats fortement couverts d’Agropyron smithii Rydb. et de Carex spp., peu couverts de Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud., et pauvres en espèces de graminacées. Nos résultats soulignent l’importance des caractéristiques de l’habitat pour la structure des communautés non-dérangées de criquets et pour les changements des communautés suite à la perturbation à cause d’insecticides.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 123 , Issue 1 , February 1991 , pp. 89 - 105
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1991

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