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GEOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL VARIABILITY IN POPULATION PATTERNS AND LIFE SYSTEMS OF THE LARCH SAWFLY (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

W. J. Turnock
W. J. Turnock
Affiliation:
Canadian Forestry Service, Department of the Environment, Ottawa
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Abstract

The larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig), has exhibited several distinctive population patterns in different parts of its Holarctic distribution and during different periods of time in some geographic areas. These patterns include a latent type, where the larch sawfly is never a pest, a permanent type, which causes severe damage, and several temporary types characterized by periodic outbreaks. The different population patterns are associated with differences in the life systems of the populations: the stable latent type with a diverse environment and a rich parasite complex; the stable permanent type with an impoverished parasite complex, interactions with food availability and no effective specific parasites; and the temporary type with an intermediate parasite complex which includes one very effective specific larval parasite. Thus, population stability is related to either maximal or minimal diversity in numbers of parasite species and instability to intermediate levels. The comparison of population patterns and life systems provides a guide to the development of biological control programs.

Résumé

La Tenthrède du Mélèze, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig), a montré divers types de population à travers les différentes parties de sa distribution holarctique et à différentes périodes de temps dans certaines aires géographiques, dont : un type latent où l’insecte ne constitue jamais un ravageur, un type permanent entraînant de graves méfaits et plusieurs types temporaires caractérisés par des infestations périodiques. Ces divers types démographiques observés chez la Tenthrède du Mélèze se trouvent associés à des différences relatives aux modes de vie des colonies : le type latent stable correspondant à un environnement changeant et un complexe parasitaire riche, le type permanent stable à un complexe parasitaire affaibli et à des interactions entre les disponibilités d’ordre nutriciel et l’absence des parasites spécifiques efficaces, et le type temporaire à un complexe parasitaire moyen avec un parasite spécifique des larves très efficace. Ainsi, l’équilibre démographique se trouve-t-il lié à la diversité numérique maximum ou minimum des espèces parasitaires et à l’instabilité aux niveaux intermédiaires. La comparaison de ces types de population et modes de vie fournit un guide pour la mise au point des programmes de lutte biologique.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 104 , Issue 12 , December 1972 , pp. 1883 - 1900
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1972

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