Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-c654p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-26T09:56:38.488Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Estimates of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) larval galleries in branch samples from asymptomatic urban ash trees (Oleaceae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 November 2015

Jean J. Turgeon ,
Jeffrey G. Fidgen ,
Krista L. Ryall  and
Taylor A. Scarr
Jean J. Turgeon*
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada – Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
Jeffrey G. Fidgen
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada – Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
Krista L. Ryall
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada – Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
Taylor A. Scarr
Affiliation:
Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, 70 Foster Drive, Suite 400, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 6V5
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: jean.turgeon@canada.ca).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is causing extensive mortality of ash (Fraxinus Linnaeus; Oleaceae) in North America. Once detected in an area, resource managers require methods to obtain estimates that could improve management decisions. We studied the within-crown and within-branch distribution and abundance of A. planipennis feeding galleries by sampling 3-m-long branches from asymptomatic urban ash trees and subdividing each branch into 12 sections of 25 cm each. We found galleries in all 12 sections of some, but not all, branches. Section was a significant source of variation in A. planipennis gallery density/m2 of branch surface area. A comparison of predictive power and efficiency of estimates for samples of increasing length, and for samples of the same length but consisting of different combinations of sections, revealed that those based on the two basal 25-cm sections of a branch from the lower-crown or mid-crown of an asymptomatic tree were less accurate and precise than those based on more sections, but were the most cost effective. Whittling more sections per branch, irrespective of the combinations of branch sections per length, improved predictive power but reduced cost effectiveness. We also observed that crown level was not important, and aspect was only marginally so, when estimating gallery abundance per sampled branch.

Type
Insect Management
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 148 , Issue 3 , June 2016 , pp. 361 - 370
Copyright
© Entomological Society of Canada 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Subject editor: Jon Sweeney

References

Anulewicz, A.C., McCullough, D.G., and Cappaert, D.L. 2007. Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) density and canopy dieback in three North American ash species. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, 33: 338–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ball, J. 2014. South Dakota emerald ash borer response plan field procedures [online]. Available from https://sdda.sd.gov/legacydocs/Forestry/publications/PDF/EAB-plan-2014-Field-Procedures-08-08-2014.pdf [accessed 7 May 2015].Google Scholar
Binns, M.R., Nyrop, J.P., and van der Werf, W. 2000. Sampling and monitoring in crop protection. CABI Publishing, New York, New York, United States of America.Google Scholar
Canadian Food Inspection Agency. 2013. Emerald ash borer – Agrilus planipennis [online]. Available from http://inspection.gc.ca/plants/plant-protection/insects/emerald-ash-borer/eng/1337273882117/1337273975030 [accessed 10 July 2015].Google Scholar
Canadian Food Inspection Agency. 2014. D-03-08: phytosanitary requirements to prevent the introduction into and spread within Canada of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Fairmaire) [online]. Available from http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/plaveg/protect/dir/d-03-08e.shtml [accessed 7 May 2015].Google Scholar
Cappaert, D., McCullough, D.G., Poland, T.M., and Siegert, N.W. 2005. Emerald ash borer in North America: a research and regulatory challenge. American Entomologist, 51: 152–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colorado Department of Agriculture. 2015. Emerald ash borer [online]. Available from https://www.colorado.gov/agplants/emerald-ash-borer [accessed 7 May 2015].Google Scholar
de Groot, P., Biggs, W.D., Lyons, D.B., Scarr, T., Czwerwinski, E., Evans, H.J., et al. 2006. A visual guide to detecting emerald ash borer damage. Natural Resources Canada and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada.Google Scholar
Foelker, C.J., Vandenberg, J.D., Whitmore, M., and Fierke, M.K. 2013. Modeling Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) within-tree colonization patterns and development of a subsampling technique. Environmental Entomology, 42: 532–538.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gannon, A., Kirby, J., and Dooley, E. 2015. Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation emerald ash borer readiness and response plan [online]. Available from http://dnrc.mt.gov/divisions/forestry/docs/assistance/urban/final_eab-response-and-readiness-plan-for-the-dnrc.pdf [accessed 13 May 2015].Google Scholar
Haack, R.A., Jendek, E., Liu, H., Marchant, K.R., Petrice, T.R., Poland, T.M., et al. 2002. The emerald ash borer: a new exotic pest in North America. Newsletter of the Michigan Entomological Society, 47: 1–5.Google Scholar
Herms, D.A., McCullough, D.G., and Smitley, D.R. 2004. Under attack: the current status of the emerald ash borer infestation and the program to eradicate it. American Nurseryman, 200: 20–27.Google Scholar
Herms, D.A., McCullough, D.G., Smitley, D.R., Sadof, C., Williamson, R.C., and Nixon, P.L. 2009. Insecticide options for protecting ash trees from emerald ash borer. North Central IPM Center Bulletin [online]. Available from http://emeraldashborer.info/files/multistate_eab_insecticide_fact_sheet.pdf [accessed 6 July 2015].Google Scholar
Karandinos, M.G. 1976. Optimum sample size and comments on some published formulae. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America, 22: 417–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyons, D.B., Caister, C., de Groot, P., Hamilton, B., Marchant, K., Scarr, T.A., et al. 2007. Survey guide for detection of emerald ash borer. Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada.Google Scholar
Marshall, J.M., Smith, E.L., Mech, R., and Storer, A.J. 2013. Estimates of Agrilus planipennis infestation rates and potential survival of ash. American Midland Naturalist, 169: 179–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, J.M., Storer, A.J., Fraser, I., and Mastro, V.C. 2011. A predictive model for detection of Agrilus planipennis (Col., Buprestidae) larvae in girdled ash (Fraxinus spp.). Journal of Applied Entomology, 135: 91–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCullough, D.G., Poland, T.M., Anulewicz, A.C., Lewis, P., and Cappaert, D. 2011. Evaluation of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) control provided by emamectin benzoate and two neonicotinoid insecticides, one and two seasons after treatment. Journal of Economic Entomology, 104: 1599–1612.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCullough, D.G., Poland, T.M., and Cappaert, D. 2009. Attraction of the emerald ash borer to ash trees stressed by girdling, herbicide treatment or wounding. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 38: 1331–1345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCullough, D.G. and Siegert, N.W. 2007. Estimating potential emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) populations using ash inventory data. Journal of Economic Entomology, 100: 1577–1586.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGowan, S., Byman, W., Francis, M., Hodge, P., Lidster, R., Rowlinosn, L., et al. 2012. Invasive species in Ontario’s forests. In Forest health conditions in Ontario, 2011. Edited by T.A. Scarr, K.L. Ryall, and P. Hodge. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Pp. 33–54. [online]. Available from http://www.ontario.ca/document/forest-health-conditions-2011 [accessed 24 September 2015].Google Scholar
McKenzie, N., Helson, B., Thompson, D., Otis, G., McFarlane, J., Buscarini, T., et al. 2010. Azadirachtin: an effective systemic insecticide for control of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 103: 708–717.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mercader, R.J., Siegert, N.W., and McCullough, D.G. 2012. Estimating the influence of population density and dispersal behavior on the ability to detect and monitor Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) populations. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105: 272–281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nagel, M. and Sadof, C. 2013. Managing emerald ash borer: decision guide [online] Available from http://extension.entm.purdue.edu/EAB/pdf/NABB_DecisionGuide.pdf [accessed 7 May 2015].Google Scholar
North Dakota State University. 2014. North Dakota emerald ash borer first detector manual [online]. Available from http://www.ndinvasives.org/EAB%20first-detector-program/north-dakota-emeral-ash-borer-first-detector-program/files/2014-emerald-ash-borer-first-detector-training-manual.pdf [accessed 13 May 2015].Google Scholar
Pedigo, L.P. 2002. Entomology and pest management, 4th edition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddler River, New Jersey, United States of America.Google Scholar
Poland, T.M. and McCullough, D.G. 2006. Emerald ash borer: invasion of the urban forest and the threat to North America’s ash resource. Journal of Forestry, 104: 118–124.Google Scholar
Ruesink, W.G. 1980. Introduction to sampling theory. In Sampling methods in soybean entomology. Edited by M. Kogan and D.C. Herzog. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, United States of America. Pp. 61–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryall, K.L. 2015. Detection and sampling of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) infestations. The Canadian Entomologist, 147: 290–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryall, K.L., Fidgen, J.G., Silk, P.J., and Scarr, T.A. 2013. Efficacy of the pheromone (3Z)-lactone and the host kairomone (3Z)-hexanol at detecting early infestation of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis . Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 147: 126–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryall, K.L., Fidgen, J.G., and Turgeon, J.J. 2011. Detectability of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in asymptomatic urban trees by using branch samples. Environmental Entomology, 40: 679–688.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sane, I., Alverson, D.R., and Chapin, J.W. 1999. Efficiency of conventional sampling methods for determining arthropod densities in close-row soybeans. Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology, 16: 65–84.Google Scholar
SAS Institute. 2006. Base SAS® 9.1.3 procedures guide, 2nd edition. SAS Publishing, Cary, North Carolina, United States of America.Google Scholar
Siegert, N.W., McCullough, D.G., Williams, D.W., Fraser, I., Poland, T.M., and Pierce, S.J. 2010. Dispersal of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from discrete epicenters in two outlier sites. Environmental Entomology, 39: 253–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smitley, D., Davis, T., and Rebek, E. 2008. Progression of ash canopy thinning and dieback outward from the initial infestation of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in southeastern Michigan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101: 1643–1650.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smitley, D.R., Doccola, J.J., and Cox, D.L. 2010a. Multiple-year protection of ash trees from emerald ash borer with a single truck injection of emamectin benzoate, and single-year protection with an Imidicloprid basal drench. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, 36: 206–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smitley, D.R., Rebek, E.J., Royalty, R.N., Davis, T.W., and Newhouse, K.F. 2010b. Protection of individual ash trees from emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) with basal soil applications of imidacloprid. Journal of Economic Entomology, 103: 119–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Timms, L.L., Smith, S.M., and de Groot, P. 2006. Patterns in the within-tree distribution of the emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis (Fairmaire) in young, green-ash plantations of south-western Ontario, Canada. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 8: 313–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, M. and Rebek, E. 2005. Signs and symptoms of the emerald ash borer [online]. Available from http://emeraldashborer.info/files/E-2938.pdf [accessed 7 May 2015].Google Scholar
Zar, J.H. 1984. Biostatistical analysis, 2nd edition. Prentice-Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, New Jersey, United States of America.Google Scholar