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Effect of pea flour and pea flour extracts on Sitophilus oryzae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Xingwei Hou ,
Wes Taylor  and
Paul Fields
Xingwei Hou
Affiliation:
Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X2
Wes Taylor
Affiliation:
Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X2
Paul Fields*
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: pfields@agr.gc.ca).
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Abstract

Protein-rich pea flour is an antifeedant and a repellent and is toxic to the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), but its mode of action is not known. Results showed that protein-rich pea flour had no fumigant effect on adult survival or offspring production of S. oryzae. In a contact experiment, immobilized weevils were fed every other day and had their abdomens brushed with protein-rich pea flour or wheat flour on the alternate days. Insects treated with protein-rich pea flour had an average longevity of 9.6 days, which was significantly shorter than that for insects treated with wheat flour (11.3 days) or brushed controls (17.6 days). These results suggest that toxins from the protein-rich pea flour may be able to penetrate the insect cuticle. Midguts from weevils fed protein-rich pea flour, a pea flour extract, or a mixture of pea peptides contained numerous bubbles. Midgut tissues in these treated adults were injured, as shown by dual staining with the fluorescent dyes calcein AM and propidium iodide. The volume of the bubbles increased rapidly when insects were fed protein-rich pea flour or pea flour extract. There were no bubbles found in the midguts of S. oryzae that fed on wheat kernels or wheat flour.

Résumé

La farine de pois riche en protéine est un antiappétant et est toxique à la charançon du riz, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), mais on ne connaît pas le mode d'action. Les résultats ont montré que la farine de pois riche en protéine n'agissait pas comme fumigant ni sur les adultes, ni sur la production de la progéniture avec S. oryzae. Dans une expérience où la farine de pois riche en protéine était mise en contact avec les insectes, ils étaient immobilisés, et nourris aux 2 jours. Les jours alternés, les abdomens des insectes étaient brossés, soit avec de la farine de pois riche en protéine ou avec de la farine de blé. Les insectes traités avec la farine de pois riche en protéine avaient une durée de vie moyenne de 9,6 jours; moins que les insectes traités avec la farine de blé (11,3 jours), ou les témoins (17,6 jours). Ces données suggèrent que les toxines de la farine de pois riche en protéine peuvent franchir la cuticule de l'insecte. L'intestin moyen des charançons avait plusieurs bulles de gaz quand les insectes étaient nourris avec de la farine de pois riche en protéine, un extrait de farine de pois, ou un mélange de peptides en provenance des pois. Les tissus d'intestin moyen dans ces adultes étaient endommagés, démontré par les colorants fluorescents à double action, calcéine AM et iodure propidium. Le volume des bulles augmentait rapidement quand les insectes étaient nourris à la farine de pois riche en protéine ou à l'extrait de pois. Il n'y avait pas de bulles dans les intestins moyens de S. oryzae nourri aux graines de blé ou à la farine de blé.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 138 , Issue 1: Adaptations and Constraints: a Symposium in Honour of Richard Ring / Adaptations et contraintes : un symposium en l'honneur de Richard Ring , February 2006 , pp. 95 - 103
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2006

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