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Detection of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) wool using Velcro-covered balls

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 June 2021

Jeffrey G. Fidgen Open the ORCID record for Jeffrey G. Fidgen [Opens in a new window] ,
Mark C. Whitmore ,
Chris J.K. MacQuarrie Open the ORCID record for Chris J.K. MacQuarrie [Opens in a new window]  and
Jean J. Turgeon Open the ORCID record for Jean J. Turgeon [Opens in a new window]
Jeffrey G. Fidgen*
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen St. East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada
Mark C. Whitmore
Affiliation:
Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States of America
Chris J.K. MacQuarrie
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen St. East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada
Jean J. Turgeon
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen St. East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada
*
*Corresponding author. Email: jeff.fidgen@canada.ca
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Abstract

Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), a nonindigenous insect pest of hemlock (Tsuga spp.) (Pinaceae) in eastern North America, spends most of its life cycle within an ovisac, which resembles a woolly white mass on twigs. We evaluated the probability of detecting adelgid wool with Velcro®-covered balls when taking an increasing number of samples per tree (field sampling) and number of trees per simulated stand. We examined the relationship between the detection of adelgid wool using this technique and the incidence of A. tsugae-infested twigs by sampling lower-crown branch tips of the same trees. We found that the probability of detecting wool with ball sampling increased with number of ball samples per tree, with number of trees per simulated stand, and with increasing incidence of ovisacs in the lower crown. When sampling an individual tree, we found that 20 ball samples per tree achieved a targeted precision level of 0.75, but when sampling a stand, we found that 10 ball samples per tree took the least time for the range of simulated A. tsugae infestations we tested. These sample sizes are recommended for detection of A. tsugae infestations on an individual tree and in a hemlock stand.

Type
Research Papers
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 153 , Issue 5 , October 2021 , pp. 640 - 650
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Copyright
© The Author(s), and Her Majesty, the Queen, in right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources Canada 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Entomological Society of Canada

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Footnotes

†

Present address: Atlantic Forestry Centre, P.O. Box 4000, 1350 Regent Street South, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5P7, Canada

Subject editor: Andrew Graves

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