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DESCRIPTION OF LARVAE OF 17 NEARCTIC SPECIES OF HYDROPORUS CLAIRVILLE (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE: HYDROPORINAE) WITH AN ANALYSIS OF THEIR PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Y. Alarie
Y. Alarie
Affiliation:
Département de Sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 357
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Abstract

The larvae of 17 species of Hydroporus Clairville were described and characterized; a key for their discrimination and illustrations of structural features of first- and third-instar larvae are provided. Many structural features, especially those of chaetotaxy and porotaxy of head capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment, and urogomphi, were found to be useful for taxonomic and phylogenetic comparisons. Based on 21 larval characters, the phylogenetic relationships among the five main lineages of Hydroporus (s. lat.) occurring in North America were studied. Structurally, the species of the subgenus Hydroporus (s. str.) and of the vilis species-group (H. planiusculus Fall) were found to be the most generalized taxa whereas the subgenera Neoporus Guignot and Heterosternuta Strand encompassed the species with the most derived condition. The subgenus Heterosternuta was closely related to the subgenus Neoporus and both subgenera were hypothesized to form a distinct monophyletic unit on the basis of five synapomorphies. The only representative of the oblitus species-group studied, H. paugus Fall, was related to Hydroporus (s. str.) and the vilis species-group by the shape of the siphon. This species was a very peculiar clement within Hydroporus (s. lat.) because it was the only known species of the genus without stemmaia in the first- and second-instar larvae, with stemmata greatly reduced in size in the third-instar larvae, and with a secondary dorsomedian seta on antennomere 2. The larval features of Hydroporus (s. lat.) were compared with those of Hygrotus Stephens. The comparison suggested that both genera form a monophyletic unit, that each of them is a distinct monophyletic unit, and that Hydroporus (s. lat.) is the sister-group of Hygrotus Stephens.

Résumé

Les larves de 17 espèces du genre Hydroporus Clairville sont décrites et caractérisées; une clé permettant leur identification ainsi que des illustrations de certains traits morphologiques de premiers et de troisièmes stades larvaires sont également fournies. Une grande variabilité morphologique, particulièrement dans la chétotaxie et la porotaxie de la capsule céphalique, des pièces buccales, des pattes, du dernier segment abdominal et des urogomphes s’est avérée d’une grande utilité pour la comparaison taxonomique et phylogénétique de ces espèces. Les relations phylogénétiques entre les cinq principales lignées qui composent le genre Hydroporus (s. lat.) sont analysées. Les espèces du sous-genre Hydroporus (s. str.) et du groupe à espèces vilis (H. planiusculus Fall) se sont avérées représenter la condition la plus primitive, par opposition aux sous-genres Neoporus Guignot et Heterosternuta Strand qui regroupent les espèces présentant la condition jugée la plus évoluée. Le sous-genre Heterosternuta s’est révélé étroitement lié au sous-genre Neoporus, hypothèse supportée par cinq synapomorphies. Le seul représentant du groupe à espèces oblitus ayant été étudié, H. paugus Fall, est associé au sous-genre Hydroporus (s. str.) ainsi qu’au groupe à espèces vilis par la forme du siphon. Cette espèce s’est révélée très caractéristique parmi les espèces d’Hydroporus (s. lat.) puisqu’elle est la seule ne possédant pas de stemmates au premier et deuxième stade larvaire, ayant des stemmates d’une taille très réduite au troisième stade larvaire et possédant une soie secondaire dorsomédiane sur l’antennomère 2. Sur la base des caractères larvaires, Hydroporus (s. lat.) est comparé à Hygrotus Stephens. Cette comparaison suggère que les deux genres ont une origine monophylétique, que chacun d’entre eux forme un groupe monophylétique distinct et que le genre Hydroporus (s. lat.) constituerait le groupe-consoeur du genre Hygrotus Stephens.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 123 , Issue 3 , June 1991 , pp. 627 - 704
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1991

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