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Characterization of two non-native invasive bark beetles, Scolytus schevyrewi and Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Patricia L. Johnson ,
Jane L. Hayes ,
John Rinehart ,
Walter S. Sheppard  and
Steven E. Smith
Patricia L. Johnson*
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Wallowa Valley Office, Box A, 88401 Highway 82, Enterprise, Oregon 97828, United States of America
Jane L. Hayes
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forestry and Range Sciences Laboratory, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, Oregon 97850, United States of America
John Rinehart
Affiliation:
Eastern Oregon University, One University Boulevard, La Grande, Oregon 97850, United States of America
Walter S. Sheppard
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, FSHN Building 166, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–6382, United States of America
Steven E. Smith
Affiliation:
School of Natural Resources, University of Arizona, 325 Biological Sciences East, 1311 East 4th Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States of America
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: pljohnson@fs.fed.us).
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Abstract

Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov, the banded elm bark beetle, and S. multistriatus Marsham, the smaller European elm bark beetle, are morphologically similar. Reliance on adult external morphological characters for identification can be problematic because of wide within-species variability and the need for good-quality specimens. The inability to identify developmental stages can also hamper early-detection programs. Using two character identification systems, genitalic (aedeagus) morphology, and DNA markers (random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR)) to distinguish S. schevyrewi from S. multistriatus, we examined specimens from geographically distinct populations of both species collected from infested host trees or semiochemical-baited funnel traps. We found that aedeagus morphology can be used to identify the two species. The use of two oligonucleotide primers in the RAPD-PCR analysis yielded distinct DNA banding patterns for the two species. Species identification using RAPD-PCR analysis was validated by a blind test and used to make species identifications of larval specimens. These tools improve the ability to differentiate between S. schevyrewi and S. multistriatus at immature and adult stages, and could be developed and used for other scolytines as well.

Résumé

Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov, le scolyte asiatique de l’orme, et S. multistriatus Marsham, le petit scolyte européen de l’orme, se ressemblent morphologiquement. L’utilisation des seuls caractères externes des adultes pour l’identification pose un problème, car il y a un fort degré de variabilité au sein de chacune des espèces et il est nécessaire d’obtenir des spécimens de bonne qualité. L’impossibilité d’identifier les stades immatures peut aussi nuire aux programmes de détection hâtive. En utilisant deux systèmes de caractères diagnostiques, la morphologie génitale (édéage) et des marqueurs ADN (ADN polymorphe amplifié aléatoirement en chaîne par polymérase (RAPD-PCR)), pour distinguer S. schevyrewi et S. multistriatus, nous avons examiné des spécimens provenant de populations géographiquement distinctes des deux espèces et récoltés sur des arbres hôtes infestés ou dans des pièges appâtés de produits sémiochimiques. Nous trouvons que la morphologie de l’édéage permet d’identifier les deux espèces. L’utilisation de deux sondes d’oligonucléotides dans l’analyse RAPD-PCR produit des patrons de bandes ADN distincts chez les deux espèces. Nous avons validé l’identification par l’analyse RAPD-PCR dans un test aveugle; nous l’avons aussi appliquée à l’identification spécifique de larves. Ces outils permettent de mieux différencier S. schevyrewi de S. multistriatus aux stades immatures et adulte; il serait possible d’en mettre au point et d’en utiliser de semblables pour d’autres scolytinés.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 140 , Issue 5 , October 2008 , pp. 527 - 538
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2008

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