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CAN JUVENILE HORMONE RESEARCH HELP REJUVENATE INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Michel Cusson  and
Subba Reddy Palli
Michel Cusson*
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 3800, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 4C7
Subba Reddy Palli
Affiliation:
Rohm and Haas Company, 727 Norristown Road, P.O. Box 904, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA 19477-0904
*
1 Author to whom all corresponding should be addressed (E-mail: cusson@cfl.forestry.ca).
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Abstract

In the 1960s, the prediction that synthetic juvenile hormones (JHs) and their analogs would form the basis of a new generation of insecticides with enhanced target specificity greatly stimulated research on this hormone. Although JH-based insecticides were found to be effective against certain groups of insect pests, their shortcomings soon became apparent; however, current JH research provides new opportunities and ideas for the development of innovative integrated pest management (IPM) tools and strategies aimed at disrupting JH functions. Interfering with JH endocrinology requires that we either artificially increase JH titers at stages of development when titers are normally low or artificially reduce JH titers at stages of development when titers are normally high. Our discussion is organized around these two conceptual approaches and covers such areas as (i) the isolation and cloning of JH receptors; (ii) the characterization of polydnavirus and entomopoxvirus gene products responsible for the inhibition of host metamorphosis; (iii) the isolation and molecular cloning of allatostatins and the design of allatostatic pseudopeptides; (iv) the characterization of JH biosynthetic enzymes specific to the Lepidoptera; (v) the characterization of regulatory material originating from parasitic wasps of the genus Chelonus Panzer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), which induce precocious metamorphosis in their hosts; (vi) a tree resistance mechanism involving anti-JH effects resulting in the failure of female insects to produce and lay eggs; and (vii) the cloning of JH esterase and epoxide hydrolase cDNAs and the production of recombinant baculoviruses that overexpress these JH-degradative enzymes.

Résumé

La recherche sur les hormones juvéniles (JH) a été grandement stimulée par la prédiction, dans les années 60, que des analogues synthétiques de cette hormone allaient former la base d’une nouvelle génération d’insecticides à spécificité améliorée. Bien que ces produits se soient révélés efficaces contre certains groupes d’insectes, leur succès n’a pas été aussi spectaculaire qu’on l’aurait souhaité. Toutefois, des façons innovatrices d’envisager la perturbation des fonctions de la JH laissent maintenant présager l’émergence de nouveaux outils pour la gestion intégrée des ravageurs. La perturbation des fonctions de la JH requiert l’une ou l’autre des deux conditions suivantes : une augmentation artificielle des titres de JH à un stade de développement où ces titres sont normalement faibles, ou une diminution artificielle des titres de JH à un stade de développement où ces titres sont normalement élevés. Notre discussion s’articule autour de ces deux approches conceptuelles et traite de sujets tels que : (i) l’isolation et le clonage du récepteur de la JH; (ii) la caractérisation de protéines encodées par des gènes de polydnavirus et d’entomopoxvirus qui inhibent la métamorphose; (iii) l’isolation et le clonage des allatostatines et l’élaboration de pseudopeptides allatostatiques pouvant être utilisés comme insecticides; (iv) la caractérisation d’enzymes de la voie biosynthétique de la JH spécifiques aux Lépidoptères; (v) la caractérisation des substances transmises par des guêpes endoparasitoïdes du genre Chelonus Panzer (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) à leurs hôtes, chez lesquels elles induisent une métamorphose précoce; (vi) l’étude d’un mécanisme de résistance des arbres impliquant un effet anti-JH qui se traduit par l’incapacité des femelles à produire et à pondre des œufs; et (vii) le clonage des gènes de l’estérase et de l’époxide hydrolase de la JH, et la construction de baculovirus recombinants qui produisent de grandes quantités de ces enzymes qui dégradent la JH.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 132 , Issue 3 , June 2000 , pp. 263 - 280
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2000

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