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BIOSYSTEMATICS OF PISSODES GERMAR (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE): SEASONALITY, MORPHOLOGY, AND SYNONYMY OF P. APPROXIMATUS HOPKINS AND P. NEMORENSIS GERMAR

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Thomas W. Phillips ,
Stephen A. Teale  and
Gerald N. Lanier
Thomas W. Phillips
Affiliation:
State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, USA13210
Stephen A. Teale
Affiliation:
State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, USA13210
Gerald N. Lanier
Affiliation:
State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, USA13210
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Abstract

Pissodes approximatus Hopkins (1911) is a junior subjective synonym of P. nemorensis Germar (1824). The conspecificity of these entities, traditionally considered distinct based only on distribution and slight morphological differences, is corroborated here with comparative studies of ecology, behavior, and morphology. When pheromone-baited traps were deployed during the spring (May–June) and fall (November–December) in several localities to examine seasonal activity, southern populations (P. nemorensis sensu Hopkins) responded only in the fall and northern populations only in the spring, but a population in Virginia responded during both seasons. Laboratory studies found that individuals from five southern populations became reproductively mature under 16:8, 12:12, and 8:16 (L:D) photoperiods but weevils in a New York population did not mature under the 8:16 photoperiod. A two-species model based on strict seasonal isolation between northern and southern populations is rejected. Morphometrics revealed significant differences in six body dimensions and three morphometric ratios among 13 populations, but there was no geographic pattern of differences to suggest the existence of two species. Sexual dimorphism in rostrum length was most pronounced in southern populations but occurred in all five populations in which it was investigated. Examination of male and female genitalia revealed similar variation in northern and southern populations and conflicted with previously reported diagnostic differences. Our study and the results of earlier work lead us to conclude that the populations previously represented by the names P. nemorensis and P. approximatus comprise one widely distributed species and display intraspecific variation in life history and morphological characters.

Résumé

Pissodes approximatus Hopkins (1911) est un synonyme junior subjectif de P. nemorensis Germar (1824). La conspécificité de ces entités traditionnellement distinguées uniquement sur la base de leur répartition et de différences morphologiques mineures, est confirmée ici par des études biologiques, comportementales et morphologiques. Suite au déploiement de pièges à phéromone au printemps (mai–juin) et en automne (novembre–décembre) dans plusieurs localités afin d’étudier l’activité saisonnière, les populations du sud (P. nemorensis sensu Hopkins) ont répondu seulement en automne et celles du nord seulement au printemps; cependant une population de Virginie a répondu au cours des deux saisons. Au laboratoire, des individus de cinq populations du sud sont devenues reproductivement matures sous des photopériodes de 16:8, 12:12 et 8:16 (L:D), alors que les charançons d’une population de New York sont demeurés immatures sous une photopériode de 8:16. On doit rejeter le modèle d’isolation strictement saisonnière des populations du nord et du sud. La morphométrie a révélé des différences significatives pour six dimensions corporelles et trois rapports morphométriques chez 13 populations, mais il n’est apparu aucun morcellement géographique des différences pouvant confirmer l’existence de deux espèces. Le dimorphisme sexuel pour la longueur du rostre était maximal dans les populations du sud, mais il était présent chez les cinq populations étudiées. L’examen des génitalias mâle et femelle a révélé une variation semblable dans des populations du nord et du sud, en conflit avec les différences de nature diagnostique rapportées antérieurement. Notre étude et les résultats de travaux antérieurs nous amènent à conclure que les populations auparavant nommées P. nemorensis et P. approximatus forment une seule espèce largement répandue, montrant des caractères morphologiques et un cycle vital variables.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 119 , Issue 5 , May 1987 , pp. 465 - 480
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1987

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