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ALLOCATION PATTERNS OF ORGANIC NITROGEN AND MINERAL NUTRIENTS WITHIN STEM GALLS OF DIPLOLEPIS SPINOSA AND DIPLOLEPIS TRIFORMA (HYMENOPTERA: CYNIPIDAE) ON WILD ROSES (ROSACEAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Mark G. St John  and
Joseph D. Shorthouse
Mark G. St John
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6
Joseph D. Shorthouse*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6
*
2 Author to whom all corresponding should be addressed (E-mail: jshortho@nickel.laurentian.ca).
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Abstract

Concentrations of organic N and minerals Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, and S in tissues of galls induced by Diplolepis spinosa (Ashmead) and Diplolepis triforma Shorthouse and Ritchie in growth and maturation phases were compared with those in ungalled tissues of host roses and tissues distal to galls to increase our understanding of nutritional relationships between gall wasps and their host plants (Rosa blanda Aiton and Rosa acicularis Lindley, respectively). Concentrations of N and most mineral nutrients were lower in galls than in ungalled tissues, and tissues distal to galls, suggesting that cynipids regulate rather than concentrate nutrients within their galls. Concentrations of mineral nutrients within the larvae of both species of inducers, and their parasitoids, were determined for galls in the maturation phase. Absolute amounts of most minerals in gall tissues were positively correlated with the number of inhabitants, indicating that control of translocation of nutrients to galls occurs on a per inducer basis. Concentrations of nutrients in mature larvae of parasitoids were the same as concentrations in mature larvae of inducers, which explains why parasitism of gall inducers had no influence on the concentrations or amounts of nutrients in galls. Galls of D. triforma had greater concentrations of N and most mineral nutrients than did galls of D. spinosa. Likewise, larvae of D. triforma, and the parasitoids feeding on D. triforma, had greater concentrations of N and mineral nutrients than did larvae of D. spinosa and its parasitoids. Galls of both species had different concentrations of nutrients compared with ungalled tissues and tissues distal to the galls. Galls of both species also had seasonal decreases in concentrations of nutrients. Parasitoids of each species of inducer were generally similar in mineral composition to their hosts.

Résumé

Nous avons comparé les concentrations d’azote (N) organique et des minéraux Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P et S dans les tissus des galles de Diplolepis spinosa (Ashmead) et de Diplolepis triforma Shorthouse et Ritchie durant les phases de croissance et de maturation, avec celles de tissus d’églantiers sains et de tissus situés au-delà des galles, dans le but de mieux comprendre les relations entre ces cynips gallicoles et leurs hôtes respectifs, les églantiers Rosa blanda Aiton et Rosa acicularis Lindsey. Les concentrations de N et de la plupart des minéraux étaient plus faibles dans les galles que dans le tissus sains ou les tissus en position distale par rapport aux galles, ce qui semble indiquer que ces cynips sont capables de contrôler, mais non de concentrer les éléments nutritifs dans leurs galles. Les concentrations de nutriments minéraux chez les larves des deux espèces de guêpes gallicoles et chez leurs parasitoïdes ont été déterminées dans les galles en phase de maturation. Les quantités absolues de la plupart des minéraux dans les tissus des galles étaient en corrélation positive avec le nombre d’insectes habitant la galle, ce qui indique que le transport des nutriments vers les galles est dû à l’action individuelle des guêpes gallicoles. Les concentrations de nutriments dans les larves à maturité des parasitoïdes étaient les mêmes que celles trouvées dans les larves à maturité des guêpes gallicoles, ce qui explique pourquoi le parasitisme des guêpes gallicoles n’a pas d’influence sur les concentrations ou sur les quantités de nutriments dans les galles. Les galles de D. triforma contenaient de plus grandes concentrations de N et de la plupart des minéraux que les galles de D. spinosa. De même, les larves de D. trifoma et les parasitoïdes qui s’en nourrissent avaient de plus grandes concentrations de N et de minéraux que les larves de D. spinosa et leurs parasitoïdes. Les galles des deux espèces avaient des concentrations de nutriments différentes de celles des tissus sains ou de tissus situés au-delà des galles. Les galles des deux espèces ont subi des diminutions saisonnières de leurs concentrations de nutriments. Les parasitoïdes de chacune des espèces de guêpe gallicole avaient généralement une composition minérale semblable à celle de leur hôte.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 132 , Issue 5 , October 2000 , pp. 635 - 648
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2000

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