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ABUNDANCE, WINTER SURVIVAL, AND SPRING EMERGENCE OF FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN A MANITOBA GROVE1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

W.J. Turnock
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
R.J. Lamb
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
R.J. Bilodeau
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9

Abstract

Adult flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), P. striolata (F.), and Psylliodes punctulata Melsh., overwintering in the litter of a riverbank forest at Winnipeg, Manitoba, varied in density from about 1.4 million to 2.5 million beetles per hectare from 1979 to 1983. Phyllotreta cruciferae was the most abundant species (78–92%) and P. striolata next (6–22%) in litter samples collected in the late autumn, just before the ground froze. The distribution of beetles was highly aggregated (variance/mean ratio > 1.0) for P. cruciferae and P. striolata in years of high density but this ratio was 1.0 (random distribution) when densities were below 1.0 per square metre. Density was positively related to the amount of litter and increased from the edge to the center on the south side of the grove. On the north side, densities were highest at the edge of the grove. Survival in the litter during the autumn was generally lower and more variable than during the winter or spring periods. Survival in the litter during the 4 years ranged from 0.22 to 0.46 for P. cruciferae and from 0.31 to 0.83 for P. striolata. Temperature, through its effect on the time of emergence of adults in late summer and autumn, may affect their ability to survive the onset of cold weather.

Résumé

Les populations d’altises, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), P. striolata (F.) et Psylliodes punctulata Melsh., hivernant dans la litière d’une forêt riparienne à Winnipeg, Manitoba, variaient en densité de 1,4 million à 2,5 millions d’insectes par hectare de 1979 à 1983. Phyllotreta cruciferae était l’espèce dominante (78–92%), suivie de P. striolata (6–22%), dans les échantillons de la litière prélevés en fin d’automne, juste avant le gel permanent du sol. La distribution des insectes était fortement groupée (rapport variance/moyenne supérieur à 1) pour ces deux espèces dans les années de forte densité, mais le rapport revenait à 1 (distribution aléatoire) quand la densité descendait à moins de 1 par mètre carré. La densité était positivement corrélée au volume de litière et augmentait de la périphérie au centre sur la partie sud du bois, tandis que dans la partie nord, la plus forte densité s’observait à l’orée du bois. Le taux de survie dans la litière en automne était généralement plus faible et plus variable qu’en hiver ou au printemps. Pour les 4 années d’observation, il variait de 0,22 à 0,46 pour P. cruciferae et de 0,31 à 0,83 pour P. striolata. Par son influence sur l’époque de sortie des adultes en fin d’été et en automne, la température peut agir sur leur aptitude à survivre l’arrivée du temps froid.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1987

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