¹ Hist[oria] Maj[or, Rolls Series]; III, 550.

² H[uillard] B[réholles, Historia Diplomatica Friderici II], VI, 280.

³ Caspar, Quellen u. Forschungen [aus Italien. Archiven u. Bibliotheken, Preuss. Instit. in Rome], VII, 189; Jordan, Le Moyen Âge, 1923, p. 32. The most disputed portion of the bull is the following: “omni vita; tuæ tempore vel filii tui Simonis aut alterius qui legitimus tui haeres exstiterit, nullum in terra potestatis vestras præter voluntatem aut consilium vestrum legatum Romanæ: ecclesiae statuemus, quinimmo, quæ? per legatum acturi sumus, per vestram industriam legati vice exhiberi volumus, quando ad vos ex latere nostro miserimus ad salutem videlicet ecclesiarum…” (Quellen u. Forschungen, VII, 218).

⁴ Malaterra, IV, c. 29; Muratori, [Rerum Italicarum] Scriptores, V, 601.

⁵ Le Moyen Âge, 1923, p. 32.

⁶ Gött[ingen] Nach[richten], 1899, p 310.

⁷ The phrase in the bull “quando ad vos ex latere miserimus” requires, according to M. Jordan, the word “legatum” as its direct object.

⁸ A letter of the Roman Senate to the Emperor Conrad reports a rumour that the pope had conferred the insignia of the legate on Roger, promising not to send a legate to Sicily without his leave but there is no official confirmation of this. Epistolœ Wibaldi, no. 211, Migne, [Patrologia, Série 2], Tome 189. Cf. Caspar, Roger II, p. 402, note 3.

⁹ Hist[oria] Pont[ificalis, ed. Lane Poole], c. 32, p. 66.

¹⁰ M[onumenta] G[ermaniœ Historical Scriptores, XIX, 418.

¹¹ M. G. Constitutiones, 1, App. II, p. 588.

¹² Gesta Inn. III, c. 21, Migne, vol. 214.

¹³ M. G. Const. I, 593.

¹⁴ Quellen u. Forschungen, VIII, 50, no. ix.

¹⁵ Epistolœ Inn. III, anno 1198, Migne, vol. 214, no. 412, p. 389.

¹⁶ “tribus capitulis de appellationibus, legationibus et conciliis a privilegio prorsus amotis, et quarto de electionibus scilicet moderato” (H.B. I, 140).

¹⁷ A legate sent in 1204 is to be obeyed “in spiritualibus vel temporalibus.” H.B. I,105.

¹⁸ H.B. I, 140; Mitteilungen [des Institute für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung], 1885, pp. 316, 326.Google Scholar Cf. Constitutiones [Siciliœ], 1, 64; H.B. IV, 61.

¹⁹ R[yccardi] de S[ancto] Ger[mano, ed. A. Gaudenzi, Soc. Nap. di Storia Patria], p. 124; H.B. IV, 830, 907; V, 253.

²⁰ Constitutiones, III, 29; H.B. IV, 227.

²¹ R. de S. Ger. p. 102, Const. X.

²² Ibid. p. 102, Const. XV.

²³ Scheffer-Boichorst, [Zur] Gesckichte [des XII u. XIII Jahrhunderts], p. 244; Caspar, Roger II, p. 320; Niese, [Die] Gesetzgebung [der Normannen Dynastie in Regnum Siciliœ], p. 115.

²⁴ Caspar, Roger II, p. 320, note 4.

²⁵ Ibid. p. 322; Garufi, I Documenti inediti dell’ epoca Normanna in Sicilia.

²⁶ Scheffer-Boichorst, Geschichte, p. 247, and Sitzungsberichte der Akademie…zu Berlin, 1900, p. 134Google Scholar; Stumpf, [Die Reichskanzler des X, XI u. XII Jahrhunderts] III, no. 511, p. 712; Pirro, [Sicilia Sacra,] vol. 11, p. 1359; H.B. II, 139.

²⁷ The reason for the choice of 1220 and not 1208, the date of Frederick's majority, was to enable him to revise the grants of his officials during his absence in Germany from 1212–20.

²⁸ Frederick says Markwald and others had misused the royal seal. R. de S. Ger. p. 102, Const. XV.

²⁹ Ed. Gaudenzi, Soc. Nap. di Storia Patria, p. 37.

³⁰ H.B. II, 199, 304; III, 302; [Winkelmann,] Acta [Imperil] Inedita, no. 239; Neues Archiv [der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtsforschung], XXVII, 75. For the use of a similar saving clause in the Papal chancery from Celestine II, cf. Niese, Gesetzgebung, p. 115, note 6.

³¹ Cf. H.B. I, 152 and II, 119; H.B. I, 799 and II, III and Acta Inedita, no, 257.

³² R. de S. Ger. p. 101; cf. Quellen u. Forschungen, IX, 225.

³³ R. de S. Ger. pp. 103, III.

³⁴ The constitutions and mandates dealing with this subject are very numerous. Const. III⁶, H.B. IV, 123; III⁷, H.B. IV, 125; III¹¹, H.B. IV, 222; Acta Inedita, nos. 806, 807.

³⁵ R. de S. Ger. p. 145.

³⁶ H.B. V, p. 439.

³⁷ Quellen u. Forschungen, XVI, 47; Acta Inedita, no. 828.

³⁸ H.B. IV, 395; Gött. Nach. 1912, p. 405, no. 12 and notes on p. 392.

³⁹ R. de S. Ger. p. 116; H.B. III, 329, 331.

⁴⁰ H.B. IV, 123; Acta Inedita, no. 834.

⁴¹ H.B. V, 252.

⁴² H.B. II, 281.

⁴³ Ughelli, VII, 836; Pergamene dei Monasterii Soppressi, State Archives, Naples, vol. 9, no. 767; vol. 10, no. 874. Cf. also Arch[ivio] Stor[ico per le provincie] Nap[oletane], vol. 14, no. CXXX, p. 155.

⁴⁴ Quellen u. Forschungen, XVI, no. xix, p. 42; Arch. Stor. Nap. vol. 14, no. CXXIX, p. 155; no. CXL, p. 355.

⁴⁵ H.B. VI, 648.

⁴⁶ M. Paris, Chron. Maj. VI, 301.

⁴⁷ Acta Inedita, no. 240.

⁴⁸ H.B. VI, 349; Acta Inedita, no. 173.

⁴⁹ B[öhmer]-F[icker-Winkelmann, Regesta Imperii, 1198–1272], 2085^a, 13180^a; R. de S. Ger. p. 147.

⁵⁰ H.B. III, 290.

⁵¹ Ibid., VI, 426.

⁵² Acta Inedita, no. 1036; H.B. VI, 563, 638.

⁵³ H.B. I, 149, note 1; Ughelli, VII, 623.

⁵⁴ B.F. 447.

⁵⁵ H.B. I, 232.

⁵⁶ Ibid. p. 278.

⁵⁷ Ibid. p. 278; B.F. 737.

⁵⁸ He upheld Frederick's claims against those of Otto IV at the Lateran Council of 1215 (R. de S. Ger. p. 93); he escorted Frederick's wife and son to Lombardy in 1216 (B.F. 3845^a,b, 3846); he was with Frederick in Italy from 1221 onwards (B.F. 1280).

⁵⁹ R. de S. Ger. p. 128.

⁶⁰ H.B. III, 100.

⁶¹ B.F. 1795^a.

⁶² Pirro, I, 145.

⁶³ [Huillard Bréholles, Vie et Correspondence de] P[ierre] de la Vigne, p. 355, no. 60.

⁶⁴ P. de la Vigne, p. 356, no. 61.

⁶⁵ Ibid. p. 357, no. 62.

⁶⁶ Ibid. p. 118 et seq.

⁶⁷ R. de S. Ger. p. 147.

⁶⁸ Winkelmann, Forschungen zur deutschen Geschichte, vol. 12, p. 553.

⁶⁹ Acta Inedita, no. 812.

⁷⁰ Ibid. no. 822.

⁷¹ H.B. IV, 913.

⁷² Ibid, V, 444.

⁷³ B.F. 3130, 3132, 3156, 3365

⁷⁴ H.B. VI, 115.

⁷⁵ H.B. VI, 118.

⁷⁶ Ibid. p. 123.

⁷⁷ Vita Inn. IV, c. 19 [Muratori, Scriptores, III], says that he was at the Council of Lyons but the author probably confused him with the Archbishop of Bari; B.F. 7544^b, 7545.

⁷⁸ B.F. 3543.

⁷⁹ H.B. VI, 426; cf. VI, 615.

⁸⁰ Reg[esta] Inn. IV, [Écoles Françaises d'Athènes et de Rome,] II, 4515.

⁸¹ H.B. VI, 553.

⁸² B.F. 3465, 3494, 3622, 3623.

⁸³ H.B. VI, 805.

⁸⁴ M.G. Scriptores, XVI, 373; IX, 599; M. Paris, Chron. Maj. V, 190.

⁸⁵ “excommunicatus et depositus miserabiliter expiravit” (Vita Inn. IV, c. 39). “descenditque ad Inferos nihil secum deferens nisi sacculum peccatorum” (Muratori, Scriptores, VIII, 685).

⁸⁶ Muratori, Scriptores, VIII, 974.

⁸⁷ M.G. Epistolœ [saeculi XIII], III, 86, no. 108.

⁸⁸ Pirro, I, 148; B.F. 8379.

⁸⁹ Acta Inedita, no. 231.

⁹⁰ H.B. II, 383.

⁹¹ R. de S. Ger. p. 118; M.G. Epistolœ, I, 204, no. 283.

⁹² Richard does not mention him among those admitted finally in 1226: p. 126.

⁹³ H.B. II, 922.

⁹⁴ H.B. III, 290.

⁹⁵ Ibid., IV, 176, note 1.

⁹⁶ Ibid. II, 497. Winkelmann, De regni Siculi administratione, p. 12, note 16.

⁹⁷ P. de la Vigne, p. 17. The constitution to which Conrad refers does not correspond to any actually existing constitution but the collection which has come down to us is not a complete code of all the laws in force. The sentence at the end of most of the MSS of the constitutions stating that the laws have been compiled by Peter in accordance with Frederick's orders is missing from the Greek text and the earlier Latin MSS and is probably a later interpolation. Winkelmann, Geschichte [Kaiser] F[riedrichs] II, p. 349, note 1.

⁹⁸ Cf. Niese, , Hist[orische] Zeit[schrifi], 1912, vol. 108, p. 535Google Scholar.

⁹⁹ Sthamer, E. in Papsttum u. Kaisertum, Paul Kehr zum 65 Geburtstag dargebracht, München, 1926.Google Scholar

¹⁰⁰ Niese, , Hist. Zeit. 1912, p. 534.Google Scholar

¹⁰¹ H.B. III, 266.

¹⁰² Cf. B.F. for years 1230–1234.

¹⁰³ B.F. 6828, 6829, 6831.

¹⁰⁴ Ibid. 13180^a, 2085^a.

¹⁰⁵ H.B. V, 597.

¹⁰⁶ Ibid. p. 601; cf. also p. 556.

¹⁰⁷ B.F. 3109.

¹⁰⁸ Ughelli [Italia Sacra], VI, 334, gives 1242 but see B.F. 3254.

¹⁰⁹ P. de la Vigne, pp. 358–67, nos. 64–71; p. 304, no. 10; and Introduction, p. 123 et seq.

¹¹⁰ P. de la Vigne, p. 361, no. 67.

¹¹¹ Ibid. pp. 304, 360, 362, 363.

¹¹² Ibid. p. 359, no. 65.

¹¹³ Ibid. p. 366, no. 69.

¹¹⁴ Ibid. p. 366, no. 69, where, in protesting his friendship for Peter, James adds: “salva tamen fide [imperatori] per omnia, ne quid voluntatis pereat, nec quid de jussis prætereat dominantis, contra quem si quis impetit, mundi et sanguinis necessitudo pellatur.”

¹¹⁵ Ibid. p. 368, no. 72.

¹¹⁶ Published by Hampe in Hist[orische] Viert[eljahrschrift], 1922, I, 76.

¹¹⁷ H.B. III, 208. The conduct of Frederick's officials in this Traetto district had been one of the points in dispute in the negotiations over the Peace of San Germano.

¹¹⁸ Hampe, Hist. Viert. 1922, p. 77.

¹¹⁹ R. de S. Ger. p. 143 (not 1236 as Pirro, I, 404).

¹²⁰ H.B. II, 210.

¹²¹ M.G.Epistolœ, I, 235, no. 309; R. de S. Ger. pp. 126, 127, 133, 135; H.B. II, 692; III, 92.

¹²² H.B. III, 266.

¹²³ Regesta Gregorii IX, I, 686, Écoles Françaises d'Athènes et de Rome.

¹²⁴ R. de S. Ger. p. 140.

¹²⁵ P. de la Vigne, p. 352, no. 57.

¹²⁶ B.F. 2017^b; R. de S. Ger. p. 145 et seq.

¹²⁷ B.F. 2052.

¹²⁸ R. de S. Ger. p. 150.

¹²⁹ H.B. V, 438.

¹³⁰ Ibid, VI, 638.

¹³¹ M.G. Epistolœ, III, 86, no. 107.

¹³² B.F. 13816, 13784.

¹³³ H.B. III, 29 and Introduction, pp. 345 et seq.; R. Filangieri di Candida, Arch. Stor. Nap. vol. 37, p. 264; 38, p. 311.

¹³⁴ Ughelli, VII, 626.

¹³⁵ B.F. 1710.

¹³⁶ R. de S. Ger. p. 127.

¹³⁷ B.F. 1732; H.B. III, 83.

¹³⁸ Gestes des Chiprois, [Société de l'Orient Latin,] pp. 132–5.

¹³⁹ Gestes des Chiprois, p. 136.

¹⁴⁰ In a fragment of a mandate dated 16 October 1246 (H.B. VI, 461) Frederick refers to him as “fidelis noster.” It is difficult to reconcile this with his attitude at the Council of Lyons in 1245, but as he is only mentioned as signing a document defining the privileges of the Holy See perhaps he had not taken a decided line against Frederick. By 1248 Frederick had deprived him of a castle which Innocent restores (H.B. VI, 651). The letter in Codice diplomatico Barese, VI, 120, saying that the Archbishop of Bari was arrested for prophesying Frederick's approaching murder does not refer to Marinus but is a misreading for the Bishop of Bamberg; see M. Paris, Chron. Maj. IV, 573 and H.B. VI, 405.

¹⁴¹ M.G. Epistolœ, III, 84, no. 105.

¹⁴² Reg. Inn. IV, vol. 3, nos. 7059, 7122, 8028, 8029.

¹⁴³ Ughelli, VII, 627; Reg. Inn. IV, vol. 3, no. 5658.

¹⁴⁴ On Walter see Niese, Gött. Nach. 1913, p. 42 and Lejeune, Walter von Palearia.

¹⁴⁵ Stumpf, III, 751, no. 530.

¹⁴⁶ H.B. I, 85; Gesta Inn. III, c. 23.

¹⁴⁷ Mitteilungen, 1901, pp. 578–9; Epistolœ Inn. III, Migne, vol. 214, p. 902, no. 23; Gesta Inn. III, c. 32.

¹⁴⁸ Potthast, Regesta pontificum, 1461, 1490; Gesta Inn. III, c. 33. Walter had attempted to obtain the archbishopric in 1200 from the legate; Innocent had refused him the title but allowed him to administer the archbishopric (Winkelmann, Otto IV Jahrbücher, 34, note 1, 36, note 1, 93, note 3; Gesta Inn. III, c. 29). He uses the title of “minister” of the church of Palermo in a document published in Neues Archiv, XXVII, 120, which does not bear out the statement in the Gesta that he was too proud to accept the pope's offer.

¹⁴⁹ Gesta Inn. III, c. 36; H.B. I, 100.

¹⁵⁰ Pirro, I, 533. II, 1203; Otto IV Jahrbücher, p. 78, note 3.

¹⁵¹ H.B. I, 893; B.F. 623, 625.

¹⁵² H.B. I, 170.

¹⁵³ Walter's fall was not due to the influence at court of the Count of Avellino, his personal enemy, as Niese suggests, as he fell from favour before Walter (H.B. I, 253). The Breve Chronicon (H.B. I, 893) suggests the hatred of the queen Constance as the cause but she speaks cordially of Walter in the privilege of 1213 (H.B. I, 253).

¹⁵⁴ R. de S. Ger. p. 76; B.F. 444.

¹⁵⁵ Otto IV Jahrbücher, pp. 231–3.

¹⁵⁶ Gesta Inn. III, c. 34. Hampe has published a letter to Innocent, probably from Raynald of Capua, which represents Gentile as loyal to Frederick and only leaving the castle to seek supplies. Mitteilungen, 1901, p. 593.

¹⁵⁷ Hampe, Mitteilungen, loc. cit.

¹⁵⁸ Lejeune exaggerates in saying that Frederick established him as Constance's chief counsellor. See Niese, Gott. Nach. 1913, p. 57, note 1. He is called “fidelis noster cancellarius”by Constance in 1213 (H.B. I, 253).

¹⁵⁹ Otto IV Jahrbücher, p. 523; B.F. 12514, 12515.

¹⁶⁰ B.F. 1331.

¹⁶¹ R. de S. Ger. p. 105; B.F. 10884^a.

¹⁶² R. de S. Ger. p. 107.

¹⁶³ Niese, Gott. Nach. p. 63.

¹⁶⁴ “per manus procuratorum ipsius” (Niese, Ibid. p. 61, note 1).

¹⁶⁵ Muratori, Scriptores, III, p. 583.

¹⁶⁶ Reg. Honorius III, ed. Pressutti, 3467.

¹⁶⁷ Henry was deprived of his lands in 1223 (R. de S. Ger. p. 107) but the cause of this was his failure to perform his military service, not his failure at Damietta, and all his lands except the castle of Malta were restored to him (Niese, p. 59, note 7; B.F. 1496^a; M.G. Scriptores, XVIII, 153; Winkelmann, [Kaiser] Friedrich II Jahrbücher, vol. I, 159, note 4).

¹⁶⁸ Niese, p. 61, notes 1 and 2.

¹⁶⁹ Ibid. p. 62, note 4.

¹⁷⁰ Cf. B.F. for years 1199 and 1200. Gesta Inn. III, c. 31.

¹⁷¹ Epistolœ Inn. III, Migne, vol. 214, p. 736, no. 187.

¹⁷² H.B. I, 57.

¹⁷³ Ibid. p. 80; cf. also p. 87.

¹⁷⁴ R. de S. Ger. p. 124.

¹⁷⁵ Niese, p. 66.

¹⁷⁶ Ibid. p. 62.

¹⁷⁷ H.B. V, 721.

¹⁷⁸ Niese, pp. 66–7.

¹⁷⁹ H.B. V, 797; Niese, p. 69.

¹⁸⁰ Niese, p. 68, note 1.

¹⁸¹ H.B. V, p. 437. Frederick appointed a canon of Bamberg as bishop some time between 1228 and 1231 but by 1232 the bishopric was vacant and Henry serving as a protonotary. Catania was in the hands of proctors from 1232 to 1262 (Niese, pp. 64–5).

¹⁸² Mitteilungen, 1885, pp. 298–358.

¹⁸³ Ibid. pp. 299, 314.

¹⁸⁴ Mitteilungen, pp. 302, 310.

¹⁸⁵ Ibid. p. 326.

¹⁸⁶ Ibid. p. 316.

¹⁸⁷ H.B. I, 140.

¹⁸⁸ Acta Inedita, no. 242.

¹⁸⁹ Mitteilungen, pp. 303, 314, 322.

¹⁹⁰ Ibid. pp. 303, 323; Reg. Hon. III, 4261.

¹⁹¹ Mitteilungen, pp. 304, 337.

¹⁹² Ibid. pp. 334, 336.

¹⁹³ Mitteilungen, p. 347.

¹⁹⁴ Ibid. p. 350.

¹⁹⁵ Ibid. p. 352.

¹⁹⁶ H.B. II, p. 595.

¹⁹⁷ The detailed evidence published by Winkelmann on pp. 353 et seq. was not all presented at the 1223–4 trial. Some of it was given at a preliminary inquiry quashed by the pope and some was put together by the bishop's enemies later. Cf. p. 305.

¹⁹⁸ Mitteilungen, pp. 346, 357, 358.

¹⁹⁹ Ibid. pp. 347–50.

²⁰⁰ Ibid. p. 349.

²⁰¹ M.G. Epistolœ, I, 182, no. 256. Another objection was that the Archbishop of Cosenza originally charged with the inquiry had without warrant delegated the hearing of the case to the treasurer.

²⁰² H.B. V, 251.

²⁰³ Ibid. p. 309.

²⁰⁴ Pirro, II, 800; Acta Inedita, no. 73, no. 85.

²⁰⁵ Mitteilungen, p. 338. Frederick in a letter to the pope in 1238 declared that Innocent III had ordered the legate to take possession of it for the crown as the bishop had seized it during the troubles of the minority (H.B. V, 251).

²⁰⁶ Mitteilungen, p. 300.

²⁰⁷ Ibid. p. 333.

²⁰⁸ Ibid. p. 343.

²⁰⁹ Winkelmann, Geschichte Friedrichs II, I, 165.

²¹⁰ Winkelmann, Mitteilungen, 1885, pp. 346, 358.

²¹¹ Ibid. p. 319.

²¹² Ibid. p. 309.

²¹³ Pirro, II, p. 800.

²¹⁴ Mitteilungen, p. 328.

²¹⁵ “Nam cum in maleficio aliqui deprehenduntur ab ecclesia de causa cognoscitur, sive fuerit criminalis sive civilis, et si tale fuerit commissum, quod de persona puniri debeat, ad curiam regiam mittitur, bonis eius omnibus fisco ecclesie devolutis”(Mitteilungen, p. 326).

²¹⁶ Pirro, p. 800.

²¹⁷ Mitteilungen, p. 330.

²¹⁸ Ibid. p. 331.

²¹⁹ Ibid. pp. 308, 330. Cf. canon 46 of the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 (Héfelé, Histoire des Conciles, vol. 5², p. 1368), also canon 19 of the Third Lateran Council of 1179 (Héfelé, vol. 5², p. 1101).

²²⁰ Niese, Gesetzgebung, p. 144; E. Mayer, Italienische Verfassungsgeschichte, I, 319; H.B. VI, 807.

²²¹ R. de S. Ger. p. 115, anno 1224: “de ipsis possexionibus que ecclesiastice non fuerint et ab ecclesiis non tenuerint in predictis collectis et servitiis secundum quod eos contingerit proprias eos statuimus solvere portiones, nichil pro ecclesiasticis persolventes.” H.B. IV, 830, 906; V, 253.

²²² H.B. II, 239–40, 321; Acta Inedita, nos. 245, 250, 254, 260.

²²³ R. de S. Ger. p. 123; H.B. II, 595.

²²⁴ He was in Cefalù in 1228 (Pirro, II, p. 806) and in 1231 (Mastrullo, Montevergine Sagro, p. 372).

²²⁵ H.B. VI, 607.

²²⁶ Ibid. IV, 911. The proctors of the church did not belong to Cefalù and only one was a clerk (Mitteilungen, 1885, p. 331). In the inquiry of 1266 it is admitted that the crown had taken the revenues.

²²⁷ Ibid, v, p. 251.

²²⁸ H.B. V, 575.

²²⁹ Mitteilungen, p. 307.

²³⁰ H.B. VI, 607.

²³¹ R. de S. Ger. pp. 135, 138.

²³² Ibid. p. 134.

²³³ Ibid. p. 150.

²³⁴ H.B. V, p. 438.

²³⁵ M. Paris, Chron. Maj. IV, 437. Frederick in a letter to the English nobles, bishops, etc., says that his brother and nephew were both hung as traitors (H.B. VI, 333). The nephew was arrested for returning to the kingdom from service abroad in 1239 (H.B. V, 555).

²³⁶ M.G. Epistolœ, II, 423, note 1.

²³⁷ Reg. Inn. IV, I, 1280.

²³⁸ M.G. Epistolœ, II, 423, no. 596.

²³⁹ H.B. V, 463.

²⁴⁰ Otto IV Jahrbücher, 90, note 2.

²⁴¹ His consecration was delayed until 1233, owing to Honorius' suspicions of undue interference by Frederick in the election (Ughelli, IX, 137).

²⁴² R. de S. Ger. p. 124; cf. Gregory's letter of protest, H.B. II, 594.

²⁴³ Chron. Santa Maria de Ferraria, p. 38; B.F. 1518.

²⁴⁴ B.F. 3109.

²⁴⁵ H.B. VI, 284.

²⁴⁶ Perg. delle Commune, no. 145. Naples State Archives.

²⁴⁷ M.G. Epistolœ, III, 199, no. 233.