Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T04:51:44.565Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Employee Involvement and Workplace Democracy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 October 2020

Roberto Frega*
Affiliation:
Centre Marc Bloch

Abstract

The article aims to bridge divides between political theory and management and organization studies in theorizing workplace democracy. To achieve this aim, the article begins by introducing a new definition of democracy which, it is contended, is better suited than mainstream accounts to highlight the democratizing potential of employee involvement. It then defines employee involvement as an offshoot of early twentieth-century humanistic psychologies, from which it inherits an emancipatory ambition. In a third step, the article presents employee involvement as a set of organizational practices liable to transform dominant patterns of authority and social interaction in the workplace. The article concludes by contending that, apart from representation/participation and the employee’s voice, employee involvement must be considered the third necessary pillar of workplace democracy, endowed with distinctive normative features that neither representation/participation nor voices can aptly capture.

Type
Article
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for Business Ethics

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Allport, G. W. 1945. The psychology of participation. Psychological Review, 52(3): 117132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, E. 1999. What is the point of equality? Ethics, 109(1): 287337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, E. 2017. Private government: How employers rule our lives. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Appelbaum, E., & Batt, R. 1994. The new American workplace: Transforming work systems in the United States. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Arneson, R. 2013. Egalitarianism. In E. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2013/entries/egalitarianism.Google Scholar
Barber, B. 2003. Strong democracy: Participatory politics for a new age. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Bargal, D., Gold, M., & Lewin, M. 1992. Introduction: The heritage of Kurt Lewin. Journal of Social Issues, 48: 313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowie, N. 1998. A Kantian theory of meaningful work. Journal of Business Ethics, 17: 1083–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruce, K. 2006. Henry S. Dennison, Elton Mayo, and human relations historiography. Management and Organizational History, 1: 177–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Budd, J. 2004. Employment with a human face: Balancing efficiency, equity, and voice. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Budd, J., Gollan, P., & Wilkinson, A. 2010. New approaches to employee voice and participation in organizations. Human Relations, 63: 303–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ciepley, D. 2013. Beyond public and private: Toward a political theory of the corporation. American Political Science Review, 107: 139–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, S. G., & Bailey, D. E. 1997. What makes teams work: Group effectiveness research from the shop floor to the executive suite. Journal of Management, 23: 239–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cotton, J. 1993. Employee involvement: Methods for improving performance and work attitudes. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Dahl, R. 1986. A preface to economic democracy. Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Deci, E., & Ryan, R. 2014. The importance of universal psychological needs for understanding motivation in the workplace. In Gagné, M. (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of work engagement, motivation, and self-determination theory: 1332. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dewey, J. 1927. The public and its problems. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.Google Scholar
Dow, G. 2003. Governing the firm: Workers’ control in theory and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dundon, T., Wilkinson, A., Marchington, M., & Ackers, P. 2004. The meanings and purpose of employee voice. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15: 1149–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckstein, H., & Gurr, T. 1975. Patterns of authority: A structural basis for political inquiry. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Ferreras, I. 2017. Firms as political entities: Saving democracy through economic bicameralism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, R., & Rogers, J. 2006. What workers want. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Frega, R. 2019a. The normativity of democracy. European Journal of Political Theory, 18: 371–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frega, R. 2019b. Pragmatism and the wide view of democracy. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frega, R. 2019c. The social ontology of democracy. Journal of Social Ontology, 4: 157–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frega, R. 2019d. Solidarity as social involvement. Moral Philosophy and Politics. DOI:10.1515/mopp-2019-0008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frega, R. 2020a. Against analogy: Why analogical arguments in support of workplace democracy must fail. Democratic Theory, 7: 126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frega, R. 2020b. Democratic patterns of interaction as a norm for the workplace. Journal of Social Philosophy, 5: 2753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frega, R. In press. Firms as coalitions of democratic cultures: Towards an organizational theory of workplace democracy. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy.Google Scholar
Frega, R., Herzog, L., & Neuhäuser, C. 2019. Workplace democracy—the recent debate. Philosophy Compass, 14: e12574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gagné, M. (Ed.). 2014. The Oxford handbook of work engagement, motivation, and self-determination theory. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
González-Ricoy, I. 2014. Firms, states and democracy. Law, Ethics, and Philosophy, 2: 3257.Google Scholar
Greenberg, E. 1986. Workplace democracy: The political effects of participation. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Habermas, J. 1996. Between facts and norms. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hackman, R. 1986. The psychology of self-management in organizations. In Pallak, M.Perloff, R. (Eds.), Psychology and work: Productivity, change, and employment: 85136. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Hackman, R., & Lawler, E. 1971. Employee reactions to job characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55: 259–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hackman, R., & Oldham, G. 1976. Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16: 250–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honneth, A. 2014. Freedom’s right: The social foundations of democratic life. Cambridge, MA: Polity.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Innes, J., & Philp, M. (Eds.). 2013. Re-imagining democracy in the age of revolutions: America, France, Britain, Ireland 1750–1850. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacoby, S. 2004. Employing bureaucracy: Managers, unions, and the transformation of work in the 20th century. Mahwah, NJ: LEA Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jakob, D., & Neuhäuser, C. 2018. Workplace democracy, market competition and republican self-respect. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 21: 927–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katz, D. 1986. The social psychological approach to the study of organizations. International Review of Applied Psychology, 35: 1737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuhlmann, M., & Schumann, M. 2001. What’s left of workers’ solidarity? Workplace innovation and workers’ attitudes toward the firm. In Vallas, S. (Ed.), The transformation of work: 189214. Bingley, UK: Emerald.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurunmäki, J., Nevers, J., & Te Velde, H. (Eds.). 2018. Democracy in modern Europe: A conceptual history. New York: Berghahn Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landemore, H., & Ferreras, I. 2016. In defense of workplace democracy: Towards a justification of the firm–state analogy. Political Theory, 44: 5381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawler, E. III. 1986. High-involvement management: Participative strategies for improving organizational performance. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Lefort, C. 1986. Essais sur le politique. Paris: Seuil.Google Scholar
Likert, R. 1967. The human organization: Its management and values. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
MacDuffie, J. P. 1995. Human resource bundles and manufacturing performance: Organizational logic and flexible production systems in the world auto industry. ILR Review, 48: 197221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macpherson, C. B. 1973. Democratic theory: Essays in retrieval. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Malleson, T. 2013. Making the case for workplace democracy: Exit and voice as mechanisms of freedom in social life. Polity, 45: 604–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malleson, T. 2014. After occupy: Economic democracy for the 21st century. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manz, C. 1992. Self-leading work teams: Moving beyond self-management myths. Human Relations, 45: 1119–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maslow, A. 1943. A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50: 370396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayer, A. 1981. The persistence of the old regime: Europe to the Great War. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Mowbray, P. K., Wilkinson, A., & Tse, H. H. 2015. An integrative review of employee voice: Identifying a common conceptualization and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 17: 382400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nyland, C. 1998. Taylorism and the mutual-gains strategy. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 37: 519–42.Google Scholar
O’Connor, E. 1999. Minding the workers: The meaning of “human” and “human relations” in Elton Mayo. Organization, 6: 223–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Neill, M., & Williamson, T. 2012. Property-owning democracy: Rawls and beyond. London: John Wiley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, R. 1959/2014. The age of the Democratic Revolution: A political history of Europe and America, 1760–1800. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Pateman, C. 1970. Participation and democratic theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poole, M. 1986. Towards a new industrial democracy: Workers’ participation in industry. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Rogers, J., & Streeck, W. (Eds.). 1995. Works councils: Consultation, representation, and cooperation in industrial relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosanvallon, P. 1993. L’histoire du mot démocratie à l’époque moderne. In Rosanvallon, P., Manent, P., & Gauchet, M. (Eds.), Situations de la démocratie: 1129. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
Rosanvallon, P. 2013. The society of equals. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothschild, J. 2000. Creating a just and democratic workplace: More engagement, less hierarchy. Contemporary Sociology, 29: 195213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sabia, D. 2010. Defending immanent critique. Political Theory, 38: 684712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sashkin, M. 1984. Participative management is an ethical imperative. Organizational Dynamics, 12: 522.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schumpeter, J. 2008. Capitalism, socialism, and democracy. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Schweickart, D. 2011. After capitalism. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Shijun, T. 2006. “Critique” immanent in “practice”: New Frankfurt school and American pragmatism. Frontiers of Philosophy in China, 1: 295316.Google Scholar
Singer, A. 2018. The form of the firm: A normative political theory of the corporation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, J. H. 1998. The enduring legacy of Elton Mayo. Human Relations, 51: 221–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strauss, G. 2006. Worker participation—some under-considered issues. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 45: 778803.Google Scholar
Timming, A., & Summers, J. 2018. Is workplace democracy associated with wider pro-democracy affect? A structural equation model. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 41: 118.Google Scholar
Veltman, A. 2016. Meaningful work. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verdorfer Pircher, A., Weber, W., Unterrainer, C., & Seyr, S. 2013. The relationship between organizational democracy and socio-moral climate: Exploring effects of the ethical context in organizations. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 34: 423–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walton, R. 1985. From “control” to “commitment” in the workplace. Harvard Business Review, 63: 7784.Google Scholar
Warr, P. 2007. Work, happiness, and unhappiness. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Webb, S., & Webb, B. 1897. Industrial democracy, vol. 2. London: Longmans, Green.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, A., Gollan, P., & Marchington, M. 2010. The Oxford handbook of participation in organizations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, S., & De Menezes, L. M. 2011. High involvement management, high-performance work systems and well-being. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22: 15861610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, S., Van Veldhoven, M., Croon, M., & de Menezes, L. M. 2012. Enriched job design, high involvement management and organizational performance: The mediating roles of job satisfaction and well-being. Human Relations, 65: 419–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wren, D., & Bedeian, A. 1987. The evolution of management thought. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Yeoman, R. 2014. Meaningful work and workplace democracy: A philosophy of work and a politics of meaningfulness. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar