Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-rnpqb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-29T08:01:04.508Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Old Khotanese type A stems in -a- and -e-

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 November 2017

Doug Hitch
Doug Hitch*
Affiliation:
Independent scholar
*
hitch@northwestel.net
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In 1968 Emmerick proposed the existence of a present stem type D. It is shown here from morphophonological patterning that his category contains two subtypes, temporarily labelled D1 and D2. By comparing vocalic contractions from the nominals with the D1 endings, it is clear that the D1 stems end synchronically in -a- and take the regular type A endings. The D2 stem vowel in contrast, behaves partly like nominal stems in -a-, and partly like stems in -i-. By reviewing contraction evidence relating to all vowels, it is shown that the D2 stems end synchronically, albeit abstractly, in -e- and take the regular type A endings. Two further verbs from Emmerick's type C are shown also to end in -e- and take the regular endings.

Keywords

KhotaneseMorphophonologyContractionVerbStemInflectionConjugation
Type
Articles
Information
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies , Volume 80 , Issue 3 , October 2017 , pp. 491 - 523
Copyright
Copyright © SOAS, University of London 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bailey, Sir Harold Walter. 1979. Dictionary of Khotan Saka. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bailey, Sir Harold Walter. 1969. Indo-Scythian Studies Being Khotanese Texts I–III. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Baums, Stefan and Glass, Andrew. Ongoing. A Dictionary of Gāndhārī. Munich and Seattle. https://www.gandhari.org/n_dictionary.php.Google Scholar
Canevascini, Giotto. 1993. The Khotanese Saṅghāṭasūtra: a Critical Edition. (Beiträge Zur Iranisitik 14.) Wiesbaden: Reichert.Google Scholar
Cheung, Johnny. 2007. Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb. (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 2.) Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Degener, Almuth. 1989. Khotanische Suffixe. (Alt- und Neu-Indische Studien, herausgegeben vom Institut für Kultur und Geschichte Indiens und Tibets an der Universität Hamburg 39.) Wiesbaden: Reichert.Google Scholar
Emmerick, Ronald Eric. 1968a. Saka Grammatical Studies. (London Oriental Series 20.) London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Emmerick, Ronald Eric. 1968b. The Book of Zambasta, A Khotanese Poem on Buddhism. (London Oriental Series 21.) London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Emmerick, Ronald Eric. 1970. The Khotanese Śūraṅgamasamādhisūtra. (London Oriental Series 23.) London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Emmerick, Ronald Eric. 1979. “The Vowel Phonemes of Khotanese.” In Brogyanyi, B. (Ed.), Studies in Diachronic, Synchronic, and Typological Linguistics. Festschrift for Oswald Szemerényi (Vols. 1–2), 239–250. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Emmerick, Ronald Eric. 1998. “Khotanese ei”, in Proceedings of the Third European Conference of Iranian Studies. Part 1. Old and Middle Iranian Studies, 93–7. (Beiträge Zur Iranistik 17.) Wiesbaden: Reichert.Google Scholar
Emmerick, R. E. and Skjærvø, Prods O.. 1997. Studies in the Vocabulary of Khotanese III. (Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Iranistik Nr. 27.) Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Emmerick, Ronald Eric, and Vorob’ëva-Desjatovskaja, Margarita I.. 1995. Saka Documents, Text Volume III: The St. Petersburg Collections. (Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum, Part II Inscriptions of the Seleucid and Parthian Periods and of Eastern Iran and Central Asia, Vol. V Saka.) London: School of Oriental and African Studies.Google Scholar
Hitch, Doug. 1990. “Old Khotanese synchronic umlaut”, Indo-Iranian Journal 33, 177–98.Google Scholar
Hitch, Doug. 2014. “Meter in the Old Khotanese Book of Zambasta”, Ars Metrica 11, 1–43. http://ars-metrica.germ-ling.uni-bamberg.de/ars-metrica-201411/.Google Scholar
Hitch, Doug. 2015a. “ tt in Old Khotanese”, Journal of the American Oriental Society 135/4, 663–87.Google Scholar
Hitch, Doug. 2015b. “Contracted diphthongs in Old Khotanese”, Indo-Iranian Journal 58, 293–94.Google Scholar
Hitch, Doug. 2016a. “The Old Khotanese metanalysis”, PhD Dissertation, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.Google Scholar
Hitch, Doug. 2016b. “Contracted semivowels in Old Khotanese”, Indo-Iranian Journal 59, 1–36.Google Scholar
Leumann, Ernst. 1920. Buddhistische Literatur: Nordarisch und Deutsch. I. Teil: Nebenstücke. (Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 15.2.) Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1966 reprint, Nendeln, Liechtenstein: Kraus.Google Scholar
Leumann, Ernst and Leumann, Manu. 1933–36. Das nordarische (sakische) Lehrgedicht des Buddhismus. Text und Übersetzung von Ernst Leumann. Aus dem Nachlass herausgegeben von Manu Leumann. (Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 20.1–3.) Leipzig: Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft. 1966 reprint, Nendeln, Liechtenstein: Kraus.Google Scholar
Maggi, Mauro. 1997. “ käṣ- ”, in Emmerick, R.E. and Skjærvø, Prods O. (eds), Studies in the Vocabulary of Khotanese III. Veröffentlichungen Der Kommission Für Iranistik, Nr. 27, p. 41. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Maggi, Mauro. 2015. “A folio of the Ratnakūṭa (Kāśyapaparivarta) in Khotanese”, Fa Gu Foxue Xuebao 法鼓佛學學報 = Dharma Drum Journal of Buddhist Studies 17, 101–43.Google Scholar
Monier-Williams, M. 1899. A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/monier/webtc5/index.php.Google Scholar
Skjærvø, P.O. 1986. “Khotanese fragments of the Vimalakīrtinirdeśasūtra”, in Kalyāṇamitrārāgaṇam, Essays in Honour of Nils Simonsson, 229–60. Oslo: Norwegian University Press.Google Scholar
Skjærvø, P.O. 2002. Khotanese Manuscripts from Chinese Turkestan in The British Library, A Complete Catalogue with Texts and Translations. With Contributions by Ursula Sims-Williams. (Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum, Part II, Vol. V: Saka, Texts VI.) London: The British Library.Google Scholar
Skjærvø, P.O. 2003. “Fragments of the Ratnakūṭa-sūtra (Kāśyapaparivarta) in Khotanese”, in Cereti, Carlo G., Maggi, Mauro, and Provasi, Elio (eds), Religious Themes and Texts of Pre-Islamic Iran and Central Asia. Studies in Honour of Professor Gherardo Gnoli on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday of 6th December 2002. (Beiträge Zur Iranistik 24.) Wiesbaden: Reichert.Google Scholar
Skjærvø, P.O. 2004a. This Most Excellent Shine of Gold, King of Kings of Sutras, The Khotanese Suvarṇabhāsottamasūtra. Volume I, The Khotanese Text with English Translation and the Complete Sanskrit Text. (Sources of Oriental Languages and Literatures, 60. Central Asian Sources V.) Cambridge, MA: The Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Skjærvø, P.O. 2004b. This Most Excellent Shine of Gold, King of Kings of Sutras, The Khotanese Suvarṇabhāsottamasūtra. Volume II, Manuscripts, Commentary, Glossary, Indexes. (Sources of Oriental Languages and Literatures 61. Central Asian Sources VI.) Cambridge, MA: The Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Tedesco, Paul. 1926. “Ostiranische Nominalflexion”, Zeitschrift Für Indologie Und Iranistik 4.Google Scholar
Werba, Chlodwig. 1997. Verba Indoarica. Die Primären und Sekundären Wurzeln der Sanskrit-Sprache. Pars I: Radices Primariae. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Yakubovich, Ilya. 2002. “Nugae Sogdicae”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 65/3, 544–9.Google Scholar