^{page 522 note 1} Khotanese texts (abbreviated KT below), I, 70, 135 v 1.

^{page 522 note 2} See below, p. 526, on Iran, had-, OInd. sad-.

^{page 523 note 1} G. Morgenstierne, Etym. voc. Pashto, 48; IIFL, II, 230; I. Zarubin, Iran, I, 1927, 155.

^{page 523 note 2} IIFL, I, 401; II, Index; EVP, 49.

^{page 523 note 3} Walde-Pokorny,II, 226; Pokorny, IEW, 696.

^{page 523 note 4} WP, I, 502.

^{page 523 note 5} No firm decision in E. Fraenkel, Lit. et. Wb.

^{page 523 note 6} H. Sköld, Materialien zu den iranischen Pamirsprachen, p. 270; Morgenstierne, IIFL, II, 230.

^{page 524 note 1} So in Pokorny, IEW, 696.

^{page 525 note 1} Mentioned for rejection by Wackernagel, , Altind. Gram., I, 160.Google Scholar

^{page 525 note 2} Nachträge I to p. 160, and II, p. 765. Hillebrandt, Lieder des Ṛgveda, p. 62, in 1.64.3 has ‘Macht’, similarly H. Lommel, Gedichte des Rig-veda, p. 85; L. Renou, Hymnes etpriHres du Vฝa, p. 17 uses ‘puissance’.

^{page 525 note 3} Wackernagel, , Altind. Gram., II, 2, p. 852Google Scholar has ‘wohl “scharf reinigend” prākritisierend für ٭-mṛjrá v. mṛj-’.

^{page 525 note 4} The earlier discussion, Trans. Phil. Soc., 1953, 33, needs correction since the epithet belongs with the rátha-. The base jar-, Iran, zar- was further noticed in Trans. Phil. Soc., 1955, 55 ff. It is also in Oss. läzäryn‘fall to pieces’.

^{page 526 note 1} This pīḍ- is claimed in Khowar peḷik ‘to wrap’ and niṡpeḷik ‘to pull out, squeeze out’ (G. Morgenstierne, Felicitation volume presented to Professor Sripad Krishna Belvalkar, 93, 94). A non-Aryan origin is sought by F. J. B. Kuiper, Studia Indologica: Festschrift für Willibald Kirfel, 174.

^{page 526 note 2} Ossetic q is uvular, now indicated by x’.

^{page 526 note 3} Also γäd in γädgäs, Iron qädgäs ‘forester’, and as second component in rāγān-γād, Iron räγ-qäd ‘rafters’.

^{page 527 note 1} GIP, ‘Die Sprache der Osseten’, p. 33.

^{page 527 note 2} For x beside k from Olran. k see ‘Asica’, Trans. Phil. Soc., 1945, 30. In Iron ‘raven’ is xālon, found also in Digor.

^{page 527 note 3} Zoroastrian problems, 83 (with correction BSOAS, XX, 1957, 44).Google Scholar

^{page 528 note 1} Khot. gahaa- translates Turkish ulun in P 2892.173, published BSOAS, XI, 2, 1944, 292,Google Scholar and now in KT, III, 81. The gahai forms part of a gift in KT, II, 60, lines 12, 18 and verso 4. For qäd, H. Sköld, Die osset. Lehnwörter im Ungarischen.

^{page 528 note 2} Gr. Bd. 92.3.

^{page 528 note 3} ZII, II, 1923, 272, not accepted Mayrhofer, Wörterbuch, 433, where ghas- is offered.

^{page 528 note 4} Tumshuq in.BSOAS, XIII, 3, 1950, 666.Google Scholar Pāzand in Škand-gumānīk Vičār.

^{page 528 note 5} Morgenstierne, EVP, 24; IIFL, II, 523 and 212.

^{page 529 note 1} For ydurī Sāyaṇa offers bahuretoyuktä, for yśu- he gives bhoga- so that yśūnäṁ bhojy is tautological. Support outside Old Indian is desirable to establish the precise meaning.

^{page 529 note 2} This gádhyā samátsu is rendered by‘Beute in den Schlachten’ by P. Thieme, Untersuchungen zur Wortkunde und Auslegung des Rigveda, p. 40.

^{page 530 note 1} It was rejected by Neisser, Zum Wōrterbuch des Ṛgveda; it is absent from Mayrhofer, Wōrterbuch, s.v. gádhya. Geldner has gadhā rendered ‘Wagenversteck’ in his Glossur, p. 53.

^{page 530 note 2} W. B. Henning, Manich. Bet- und Beichtbuch, p. 105; P 2.1069 and Dhuta 128.

^{page 530 note 3} Trans. Phil. Soc., 1956, 94. Further cognates were left undecided.

^{page 530 note 4} Raghavan, V., Indian Linguistics, XVI, 1955, 322.Google Scholar

^{page 530 note 5} F. Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit dictionary, s.v.

^{page 530 note 6} Pali commentaries, quoted in the Pali Text Society's Dictionary, try to connect with sek- ‘to sprinkle’.

^{page 530 note 7} Ed. Sakaki, 392 asecanako rūpena.

^{page 530 note 8} Agni 218 b 1, and Tocharische Grammatik, p. 247. Puškin, Uācmystä, p. 151.

^{page 531 note 1} Supra s.v. gad-.

^{page 531 note 2} JRAS, 1955, 15.

^{page 531 note 3} Without the -y-, see Pokorny, IEW, 876, sā-: sə-. OInd. si- is ambiguous.

^{page 531 note 4} The AIW knowing only haik- ‘to sprinkle’ had conjectured ‘Rosse (mit Wasser) besprengend, badend’.

^{page 531 note 5} JRAS, 1954, 26, n. 3,Google Scholar and BSOAS, XX, 1957, 53.Google Scholar

^{page 531 note 6} Assimilated first syllable -u-, as in rruspura- (Suvarṇabhāsa-sūtra 35 a 4) for older rrispura-, and śśuru acc. sing, to śśära-.

^{page 531 note 7} Abaev, V., Oset. jazyk i fol'klor, I, 182,Google Scholar from Vasmer. In the AIW placed under Av. zaranyõ.saora-.

^{page 532 note 1} The assumption that Olran. -ždra- gave Oss. -rd- is unsupported in Benveniste, E., BSL, LII, 1956, 41.Google Scholar

^{page 532 note 2} T. Burrow, The language of the Kharoṡṭhi documents from Chinese Turkestan, p. 73.

^{page 532 note 3} A different word, OInd. churati, has been compared with Avestan saora- in the AIW.

^{page 533 note 1} ‘Beiträge zur Vedaexegese’, ZDMG, XCV, 1941,Google Scholar and KZ, LXIX, 1951, 172.Google Scholar

^{page 534 note 1} In Zātspram, VičītakīhK35, 244 v 8 occurs pat nēmak ī rās ‘in the direction, course of the road, midway’, when the fire was being transferred over the ocean in the reign of Hōšang.

^{page 534 note 2} A preliminary attempt to interpret Avestan utayūti- and Rigvedic itáūti- was made in Trans. Phil. Soc., 1954, 138 ff. I should now develop that to propose that the uta- of Avestan meant ‘extended’ being the participle to the verb attested in Rigvedic unoti, which must be treated elsewhere.

^{page 534 note 3} Untersuchungen zur Wortkunde und Auslegung des Rigveda, pp. 50 ff.

^{page 534 note 4} Bull. Soc. Ling., XLV, 1949, 66Google Scholar (‘désespéré).

^{page 535 note 1} For Iranian gan-, OInd. ghan-, Greek θєν- see the words grouped in BSOAS, XX, 1957,Google Scholar44 ff.

^{page 535 note 2} For the complex āyu-, see Benveniste, E., Bull. Soc. Ling., XXXVIII, 1937,Google Scholar 103ff; Ossetic jāūä in Morgenstierne, NTS, XII, 1942, 269.Google Scholar

^{page 535 note 3} Details can be found in F. B. J. Kuiper, Notes on Vedic noun-inflexion, 19 ff; E. Polomé, Zum heutigen Stand der Laryngaltheorie, 456.

^{page 535 note 4} This explanation seems to have merit over against the translation ‘cattle-killing’ in Thieme, P., ZDMG, XCIV, 1941, 348,Google Scholar whose conjectured ٭pśu- is hardly acceptable.

^{page 536 note 1} For apv- see K. Hoffmann, Corolla linguistica, 80 ff; Khot. ahā- in nom. sing, aha, loc. sing. ahaña in the medical text P 2893 (in KT, in, 85) 70, 124. The x’ in qāpp is comparable to the non-ejective x in xom ‘raw’, Khot. hāma-, OInd. āmá-.

^{page 536 note 2} E. Fraenkel, Lit. et. Wb., s.v., p. 17.

^{page 536 note 3} K. Hoffmann, summarized in Mayrhofer, Wörterbuch, 552, offered an inversion of ٭avra-.

^{page 536 note 4} Morgenstierne, G., NTS, I, 1928, 46–7.Google Scholar

^{page 536 note 5} The never satisfactory attempt to see in this Oss. är- the older ٭adi- would thus drop, see ‘Supplementary note to Asica’, Trans. Phil. Soc., 1946, 203–4.

^{page 536 note 6} Briefly noted in Bsoas, XXI, 1, 1957, 47.Google Scholar

^{page 537 note 1} In footnotes in Tocharische Sprachreste, Sprache B, Ht. 2, an effort is made to reverse this development as if the more archaic ai and au were correct.

^{page 537 note 2} Minard, A., Trois énigmes sur les cent chemins, II, p. 170.Google Scholar

^{page 537 note 3} S. Feist, Vergl. Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, p. 3.

^{page 538 note 1} BSOAS, XX, 1957, 49–50.Google Scholar

^{page 538 note 2} Further below, p. 541 on Khotanese khoca.

^{page 538 note 3} Other cases are cited Trans. Phil. Soc., 1945, 35.

^{page 538 note 4} Morgenstierne, IIFL, II, 407, from pel- ‘dust’, as in Pokorny, IEW, 802.

^{page 538 note 5} Ossetic Digor k'äsi bādäg ‘witch’, as one ‘sitting in the innermost part of the house’, corresponds to Iron k'uli bādäg ‘sitting in the k'‛l’. This k'ul, Digor k'olä, is the ‘innermost part of the house between the hearth and the back wall’. Probably OInd. káśas- occurring once belongs here, on which elsewhere.

^{page 538 note 6} This represents an older ٭kisa- from ٭kitsa- derived from kat-, kāt-: kit- attested in Lat. cāseus ‘cheese’ and its cognates. Khotanese has tciña- adj. ‘of yeast’, OInd. kíṇva-m ‘yeast’.

^{page 00 note 1} BSOS, VIII, 4, 1937, 935.Google Scholar

^{page 539 note 2} BSOAS, XIII, 3, 1950, 663.Google Scholar

^{page 539 note 3} KT, III, 34, 10; KBT, 19.223. For Yidγa pərx ‘hoarfrost’ see Morgenstierne, IIFL, II, 240. Khotanese shows phar- = ٭far-.

^{page 539 note 4} JRAS, 1954, 31–2. Add the Ubyx ges°a ‘axe’ of Caucasica, IV, 1927, 137 to Ossetic ŭäs ‘axe’, OInd. υāśī- in Trans. Phil. Soc., 1952, 55–6.

^{page 539 note 5} Morgenstierne, EVP, 105; IIFL, II, 195.

^{page 540 note 1} As proposed in BSOAS, XIX, 1, 1957, 55–7.Google Scholar

^{page 540 note 2} Cited in BSOAS, XIX, 1, 1957, 55.Google Scholar

^{page 540 note 3} BSOAS, XIV, 3, 1952, 431–4.Google Scholar

^{page 540 note 4} An approximate solution was proposed in Asiatica: Festschrift Friedrich Weller, 20.

^{page 540 note 5} Morgenstierne, IIFL, II, 482.

^{page 540 note 6} Other connected words cited in Morgenstierne, EVP, s.v. xōl, p. 96; IIFL, II, 266, Yidγa xūlo; M. Mayrhofer, Wörterbuch, s.v. khola- ‘hat’.

^{page 540 note 7} Ch. cvi 001, 5 in KT, II, 59.

^{page 541 note 1} Trans. Phil. Soc., 1954, 148.

^{page 541 note 2} BSOAS, XI, 4, 1946, 769.Google Scholar

^{page 541 note 3} Quoted earlier in Zoroastrian problems, 226, and KT, II, p. vii.

^{page 541 note 4} KT, II, 2, lines 30–1.

^{page 541 note 5} For this kūṭa there is the study of de la Vallée Poussin, L. in ‘Staupikam’, Harvard Journal Asiatic Studies, II, 1937.Google Scholar

^{page 542 note 1} Pokorny, IEW, 721.

^{page 542 note 2} Trans. Phil. Soc., 1955, 75.

^{page 542 note 3} F. W. K. Müller, Soghdische Texte, I; I. Gershevitch, Grammar of Manichean Sogdian, § 441; A. Ghilain, Essai sur la langue parthe, 10.

^{page 543 note 1} So in Walde-Pokorny, Wōrterbuch, 463, and Pokorny, IEW, 615; Vasmer, Russ. et. Wb.

^{page 543 note 2} Bartholomae, C., Mitteliranische Mundarten, II, 26.Google Scholar

^{page 543 note 3} Darmesteter, J., Zend-Avesta, I, 201, no. 31.Google Scholar

^{page 544 note 1} Grassmann's Würterbuch has ‘gleiches geniessend’; Wackernagel, , Aufsätze … Kuhn, 159Google Scholar, no. 1 ‘gleichgestaltet’; Geldner's Übersetzung ‘die Genossen’.

^{page 545 note 1} For a- see provisional notes in BSOAS, XX, 1957, 48.Google Scholar

^{page 545 note 2} J. Wackernagel, Aufsätze … Kuhn, 159 ff.; reapproved by Tedesco, P., JAOS, LXXIV, 1954, 180,Google Scholar against the rejection in Mayrhofer's Wōrterbüch, where connexion with ap- ‘water’ is preferred.