page 169 note 1) Pugachov was a peasant who in the eighteenth century, under the reign of Catherine the Great led a peasant rebellion which swept the Volga region. His life ended on the scaffold.

page 172 note 1) Dobroliubov and Chernyshevsky, two leading political writers and critics in the eighteen-sixties who exerted a powerful influence on the political thinking of their day.

page 172 note 2) The village communes under the Czar owned all the peasant land and allotted it from time to time among its peasant members for cultivation roughly in proportion to the size of the families.

page 178 note 1) “Revolutionary Russia” was the name of tile official organ of the Socialist-Revolutionists. “Iskra” (the Spark) was the official organ of the Social-Democrats.