Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-ph5wq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T08:51:34.242Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in the tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

Matthew Cahill*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological & Ecological Chemistry, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, UK
Frank J. Byrne
Affiliation:
Department of Biological & Ecological Chemistry, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, UK
Kevin Gorman
Affiliation:
Department of Biological & Ecological Chemistry, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, UK
Ian Denholm
Affiliation:
Department of Biological & Ecological Chemistry, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, UK
Alan L. Devonshire
Affiliation:
Department of Biological & Ecological Chemistry, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, UK
*
Matthew Cahill, Department of Biological & Ecological Chemistry, IACR - Rothamsted, Harpenden, Herts. AL5 2JQ, UK.

Abstract

Eleven strains of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), including a laboratory susceptible strain, were bioassayed as adults with three organophosphorus (OP) insecticides, three pyrethroids and one OP/pyrethroid combination. The contemporary strains were from diverse geographical areas and hosts and included examples of the A-, B-, and non-B-biotypes. All recent collections were multi-resistant to these insecticides which have been used extensively for their control. The patterns of cross-resistance for the OPs were clear but less so for the pyrethroids. All populations that resisted profenofos and cypermethrin also resisted the combination of profenofos and cypermethrin. Although the importance of selection pressure on levels of resistance was not easily quantifiable the highly selected populations exhibited the highest levels of resistance. The significant within, as well as between, biotype variation in resistance factors clearly indicated that insecticide resistance and biotype were not directly related. The roles of acetylcholinesterase sensitivity and general esterase activity in resistance to OPs and pyrethroids are discussed.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anon. (1987) POLO-PC –a user's guide to Probit or Logit analysis. 22 pp. LeOra Software, California.Google Scholar
Anon. (1988) Statview SETM+Graphics. Abacus Concepts, Inc.Google Scholar
Bedford, I.D., Briddon, R.W., Markham, P.G., Brown, J.K. & Rosell, R.C. (1993) A new species of Bemisia or biotype of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) as a future pest of European agriculture, pp. 381386in Ebbles, D. (Ed.) Plant health and the European Single Market. BCPC Monograph No. 54.Google Scholar
Byrne, F.J. (1992) Biochemical study of insecticide resistance in the cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). PhD Thesis. Council for National Academic Awards.Google Scholar
Byrne, F.J. & Devonshire, A.L. (1991) In vivo inhibition of esterase and acetylcholinesterase activities by profenofos treatments in the tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.): implications for routine biochemical monitoring of these enzymes. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 40, 198204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, F.J. & Devonshire, A.L. (1993) Insensitive acetylcholinesterase and esterase polymorphism in susceptible and resistant populations of the tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 45. 3442.Google Scholar
Byrne, F.J., Denholm, I., Birnie, L.C., Devonshire, A.L. & Rowland, M. (1992) Analysis of insecticide resistance in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. pp. 165178in Denholm, I., Devonshire, A.L. & Holloman, D.W. (Eds) Resistance 91: Achievements and Developments in Combating Pesticide Resistance. London, Elsevier.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, F.J., Cahill, M., Denholm, I. & Devonshire, A.L. (1994) A biochemical and toxicological study of the role of insensitive acetylcholinesterase in organophosphorus resistant Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) from Israel. Bulletin of Entomological Research 84, 179184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, S., Duffus, J.E. & Liu, H.Y. (1992) A new Bemisia tabaci biotype in the southwestern United States and its role in silverleaf of squash and transmission of lettuce infectious yellows virus. Phytopathology 82, 8690.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, H.S. & Brown, J.K. (1991) Variation in biological characteristics and esterase patterns among populations of Bemisia tabaci, and the association of one population with silverleaf symptom induction. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 61, 211219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Devonshire, A.L. & Moores, G.D. (1982) A carboxylesterase with broad substrate specificity causes organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid resistance in peach-potato aphids (Myzus persicae). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 18, 235246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dittrich, V. & Ernst, G.H. (1983) The resistance pattern in whiteflies of Sudanese cotton. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie 4, 9697.Google Scholar
Dittrich, V., Hassan, S.C. & Ernst, G.H. (1986) Development of a new primary pest of cotton in the Sudan: Bemisia tabaci, the whitefly. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 17, 137142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dittrich, V., Ernst, G.H., Ruesch, O. & Uk, S. (1990a) Resistance mechanisms in sweetpotato whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) populations from Sudan, Turkey, Guatemala, and Nicaragua. Journal of Economic Entomology 83, 16651670.Google Scholar
Dittrich, V., Uk, S. & Ernst, G.H. (1990b) Chemical control and insecticide resistance in whiteflies. pp. 263285in Gerling, D. (Ed) Whiteflies: their Bionomics, Pest Status and Management. Andover, Intercept.Google Scholar
Horowitz, A.R., Toscano, N.C., Youngman, R.R. & Georghiou, G.P. (1988) Synergism of insecticides with DEF in sweetpotato whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 81, 110114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horowitz, A.R., Forer, G. & Ishaaya, I. (1994) Managing resistance in Bemisia tabaci in Israel with emphasis on cotton. Pesticide Science 42, 113122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
International Cotton Advisory Committee. (1993) Cotton: world statistics. Bulletin of the International Cotton Advisory Committee 47, (1, Part II) USA.Google Scholar
Ishaaya, I., Mendelson, Z., Ascher, K.R.S. & Casida, J.E. (1987) Cypermethrin synergism by pyrethroid esterase inhibitors in adults of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 28, 155162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koch, W. (1989) A ‘new’ whitefly in the greenhouse. Description of and prospects for control of Bemisia tabaci. DeutscherGartenbau 43, 892894.Google Scholar
Nedstam, B. (1988) A new whitefly species, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), in Swedish greenhouses. Vaxtskyddsnotiser 52, 7172.Google Scholar
Perring, T.M., Cooper, A.D., Rodriguez, R.J., Farrar, C.A. & Bellows, T.S. Jr. (1993) Identification of a whitefly species by genomic and behavioral studies. Science 259, 7477.Google Scholar
Prabhaker, N., Coudriet, D.L. & Toscano, N.C. (1988) Effect of synergists on organophosphate and permethrin resistance in sweetpotato whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 81, 3439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prabhaker, N., Toscano, N.C., Perring, T.M., Nuessley, G., Kido, K. & Youngman, R.R. (1992) Resistance monitoring of the sweetpotato whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in the Imperial Valley of California. Journal of Economic Entomology 85, 10631068.CrossRefGoogle Scholar