Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T11:25:07.527Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Life-cycle variation of Myzus persicae (Sulz.) (Hom., Aphididae) in different parts of the world, in relation to genotype and environment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

R. L. Blackman
R. L. Blackman
Affiliation:
Imperial College Field Station, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, England
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Life-cycle variation, involving alternative methods of overwintering (holocycly and anholocycly), is found in many important pest aphids, and may have considerable ecological, genetic and economic significance. The occurrence of life-cycle variation in Myzus persicae (Sulz.) in different parts of the world is reviewed. The holocycle of M. persicae, with sexual reproduction and overwintering of eggs on Prunus, occurs in the temperate regions of every continent, and although anholocycly is widespread in warm climates there are indications that the potential for sexual reproduction may be retained throughout the whole range of the species. The environmental factors involved in the determination of sexual morphs are considered. Photoperiodism provides the timing mechanism for sexual morph production, and the photoperiodic response is probably tuned to different regional conditions and buffered against other environmental variables within certain limits. The only other environmental factor clearly implicated in sexual morph production is temperature, and an attempt is made to correlate the global pattern of life-cycle variation in M. persicae with temperature differences between regions, by dividing the world into six zones delimited by selected isotherms. The overall pattern of life-cycle variation can be explained largely on the basis of climatic differences between zones, and the effects of these differences on gene and genotype frequencies within the species. Clones of androcyclic character seem to be widespread and, although genetically isolated anholocyclic biotypes undoubtedly exist, androcyclic clones could be the principal source of parthenogenetic overwinterers in all parts of the world where life-cycle differences exist within populations.

Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 63 , Issue 4 , June 1974 , pp. 595 - 607
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1974

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Asher, Jr. J. H. (1970). Parthenogenesis and genetic variability. II. One-locus models for various diploid populations.—Genetics, N.Y. 66, 369–391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Azaryan, A. G. (1966). Some features of intraspecific geographic adaptations in Dysaphis anthrisci C.B. (Homoptera, Aphidinea).—Ent. Rev., Wash. 45, 278–283.Google Scholar
Blackman, R. L. (1971a). Variation in the photoperiodic response within natural populations of Myzus persicae (Sulz.).—Bull. ent. Res. 60, 533–546.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blackman, R. L. (1971b). Chromosomal abnormalities in an anholocyclic biotype of Myzus persicae (Sulzer).—Experientia 27, 704–706.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackman, R. L. (1972). The inheritance of life-cycle differences in Myzus persicae (Sulz.) (Hem., Aphididae).—Bull. ent. Res. 62, 281–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackman, R. L. (in press). Life cycle variation in Myzus persicae. In Delucchi, V. (Ed.) Biological control of insect pests. IBP Synthesis Report. Cambridge Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Bodenheimer, F. S. & Swirski, E. (1957). The Aphidoidea of the Middle East.—378 pp. Jerusalem, Weizmann Science PressGoogle Scholar
Bonnemaison, L. (1950). Influence de 1'alimentation et de la lumiére sur la reproduction sexuée de Myzus persicae (Horm. Aphidinae).—C. r. hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci. Paris 230, 136–137.Google Scholar
Bonnemaison, L. (1951). Contribution à l'étude des facteurs provoquant 1'apparition des formes ailées et sexuées chez les Aphidinae.—Annls Épiphyt. 2, 1–380.Google Scholar
Bonnemaison, L. (1970). Action de la photopériode sur la production des gynopares ailees de Dysaphis plantaginea Pass.—Ann. Zool., Éecol. anim. 2, 523–554.Google Scholar
Broadbent, L., Cornford, C. E., Hull, R. & Tinsley, T. W. (1949). Overwintering of aphids, especially Myzus persicae (Sulzer), in root clamps.—Ann. appl. Biol. 36, 513–524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
COMMONWEALTH INSTITUTE OF ENTOMOLOGY (1954). Myzus persicae (Sulz.).—Distrib. Maps Insect Pests no. 45 (A).Google Scholar
Costa, C. L. (1969). Ocurrência, no Estado de São Paulo, de forma sexuada de Myzus persicae, importante vector de virus de plantas.—Revta Soc. bras. Fitopatologia 3, 59–60.Google Scholar
Costa, C. L. (1970). Variações sazonais da migracão de Myzus persicae em Campinas nos anos de 1967 a 1969—Bragantia 29, 347–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daiber, C. C. & Schöll, S. E. (1959). Further notes on the overwintering of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in South Africa.—J. ent. Soc. sth. Afr. 22, 494–520.Google Scholar
Danilevskii, A. S. (1965). Photoperiodism and seasonal development of insects.—283 pp.Edinburgh, Oliver & Boyd.Google Scholar
Das, B. (1918). The Aphididae of Lahore.—Mem. Indian Mas. 6, 135–274.Google Scholar
Dixon, A. F. G. & Glen, D. M. (1971). Morph determination in the bird-cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L.—Ann. appl. Biol. 68, 11–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eastop, V. F. (1958). A study of the Aphididae (Homoptera) of East Africa.—Colon. Res. Publs no. 20, 126 pp.Google Scholar
Espul, J. C. & Mansur, P. S. (1968). Reproducción sexual del pulgón verde del duraznero Myzus persicae (Sulz.) en Mendoza (Argentina).—Rev. Invest, agropec. 5, 63–71.Google Scholar
Haine, E. (1950). Zur Frage der Überwinterung von Myzodes persicae Sulz. an Sekundärwirten.—Anz. Schädlingsk. 23, 81–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heathcote, G. D. & Cockbain, A. J. (1966). Aphids from mangold clamps and their importance as vectors of beet viruses.—Ann. appl. Biol. 57, 321–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heie, O. E. (1954). Studies of the overwintering of Myzus persicae Sulzer in Denmark and the occurrence of this aphid in beet fields.—Trans. Dan. Acad. tech. Sci. 1954 1, 34 pp.Google Scholar
Heinze, K. (1949). Wie überwintert die gürne Pfirsichblattlaus?—Neue Mitt. Landw. 4, 153–154.Google Scholar
Hille, Ris Lambers D. (1955). Potato aphids and virus diseases in the Netherlands.—Ann. appl. Biol. 42, 355–360.Google Scholar
Hille, Ris Lambers D. (1966). Polymorphism in Aphididae.—A. Rev. Ent. 11, 47–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacob, F. H. (1941). The over-wintering of Myzus persicae Sulz. on Brassicae in North Wales. —Ann. appl. Biol. 28, 119–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawasaki, M. (1940). Some observations on the life after the fall migration to the peach tree in Myzus persicae Sulz. in Manchuria.—Insect Wld 44, 101–103, 132–135.Google Scholar
Lampel, G. (1968). Die Biologie des Blattlaus-Generationswechsels.—264 pp. Jena, Gustav Fischer.Google Scholar
Lees, A. D. (1959). The role of photoperiod and temperature in the determination of parthenogenetic and sexual forms in the aphid Megoura viciae Buckton.—I The influence of these factors on apterous virginoparae and their progeny.—J. Insect Physiol. 3, 92–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lees, A. D. (1966). The control of polymorphism in aphids.—Adv. Insect Physiol. 3, 207–277.London, Academic Press.Google Scholar
MacGillivray, M. E. (1972). The sexuality of Myzus persicae (Sulzer), the green peach aphid, in New Brunswick (Homoptera: Aphididae).—Can. J. Zool. 50, 469–471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maynard, Smith J. (1971). What use is sex?—J. theor. Biol. 30, 319–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Medler, J. T. (1962). Long-range displacement of Homoptera in the Central United States.—Int. Congr. Ent. 3, 30–35. (Symposium 4.)Google Scholar
Sammeta, K. P. V. & Levins, R. (1970). Genetics and ecology.—A. Rev. Genet. 4, 469–488.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schöll, S. E. & Daiber, C. C. (1958). Notes on the occurrence of holocyclic overwintering of the green peach aphid in South Africa.—J. ent. Soc. Sth. Afr. 21, 315–322.Google Scholar
Shands, W. A., Simpson, G. W. & Wave, H. E. (1969). Canada plum, Prunus nigra Aiton, as a primary host of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in north-eastern Maine.—Tech. Bull. Me agric. Exp. Stn no. 39, 32 pp.Google Scholar
Shaposhnikov, G. K. (1966). Origin and breakdown of reproductive isolation and the criterion of the species.—Ent. Rev., Wash. 45, 1–18.Google Scholar
Takahashi, R. (1923). Aphididae of Formosa Part 2.—Rep. Govt Res. Inst. Dep. Agric. Formosa no. 4, 173 pp.Google Scholar
Taylor, E. P. (1908). Life history notes and control of the green peach aphis, Myzus persicae. —J. econ. Ent. 1, 83–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willcocks, F. C. & Bahgat, S. (1937). The insect and related pests of Egypt 1 Pt. 2. Insects and mites injurious to the cotton plant.—792 pp. Cairo, Royal Agricultural Society.Google Scholar
Zeck, E. H. (1928). The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer).—Agric. Gaz. N.S.W. 39, 147–154.Google Scholar
Zimmerman-Gries, S. & Swirski, E. (1956). La diffusione degli afidi sulle patate in Israele. —Boll. Lab. Zool. gen. agr. Portici 33, 303–311.Google Scholar
Zúñiga, S. E. (1966). Los pulgones del duraznero en Chile Central (Hem., Aphidae).—Agricultera téc. 27, 32–39.Google Scholar