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Genotypic diversity of the cotton-melon aphid Aphis gossypii (Glover) in Tunisia is structured by host plants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 February 2008

K. Charaabi ,
J. Carletto ,
P. Chavigny ,
M. Marrakchi ,
M. Makni  and
F. Vanlerberghe-Masutti
K. Charaabi
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 El Manar, Tunisia
J. Carletto
Affiliation:
UMR 1112 INRA UNSA, équipe ‘Biologie des Populations en Interaction’, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
P. Chavigny
Affiliation:
UMR 1112 INRA UNSA, équipe ‘Biologie des Populations en Interaction’, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
M. Marrakchi
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 El Manar, Tunisia
M. Makni
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 El Manar, Tunisia
F. Vanlerberghe-Masutti*
Affiliation:
UMR 1112 INRA UNSA, équipe ‘Biologie des Populations en Interaction’, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
*
*Author for correspondence Fax: +33 492 386 401 E-mail: Flavie.Vanlerberghe@sophia.inra.fr
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Abstract

The study of intraspecific variation with respect to host plant utilization in polyphagous insects is crucial for understanding evolutionary patterns of insect-plant interactions. Aphis gossypii (Glover) is a cosmopolitan and extremely polyphagous aphid species. If host plant species or families constitute selective regimes to these aphids, genetic differentiation and host associated adaptation may occur. In this study, we describe the genetic structure of A. gossypii collected in six localities in Tunisia on different vegetable crops, on citrus trees and on Hibiscus. The aim was to determine if the aphid populations are structured in relation to the host plants and if such differentiation is consistent among localities. The genetic variability of A. gossypii samples was examined at eight microsatellite loci. We identified only 11 multilocus genotypes among 559 individuals. Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, linkage disequilibria and absence of recombinant genotypes, confirmed that A. gossypii reproduces by continuous apomictic parthenogenesis. Genetic differentiation between localities was not significant, whereas a strong differentiation was observed between host plant families (0.175<FST<0.691). The great majority of aphids exhibited one of three predominant multilocus genotypes that were repeatedly and respectively associated to the three plant families, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae and Rutaceae, demonstrating host specialization in A. gossypii. These specialized genotypes were simultaneously found with other clones on Hibiscus, suggesting that this perennial host could act as a refuge plant between two vegetable crop seasons.

Keywords

aphidAphis gossypiigenetic structurehost-plant specializationmicrosatelliteobligate parthenogenesis
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 98 , Issue 4 , August 2008 , pp. 333 - 341
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Cambridge University Press

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