Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-qks25 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-07T09:47:01.421Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Genetic variation in the Old World screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

K.L. Strong*
Affiliation:
CSIRO, Division of Entomology, Canberra, Australia
R.J. Mahon
Affiliation:
CSIRO, Division of Entomology, Canberra, Australia
*
Dr R.J. Mahon CSIRO, Division of Entomology, G.P.O. Box 1700, Canberra, Australia 2601.

Abstract

The Old World screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve, occurs in Africa, the Middle East, Malaysia, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, but it is not found in Australia. Introduction into Australia from any of these source areas would threaten the viability of much of the grazing industry in the northern part of the continent. Proposed control by the sterile insect release method (SIRM) would be compromised by the existence of sibling species within C. bezziana. This study examines the degree of genetic differentiation throughout the extensive range of the fly to assess if the degree of geographic differentiation indicates the existence of sibling species and, allows identification of the source of any introduced flies. Electrophoretic analysis of 23 loci from samples collected in southern Africa, the Middle East, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea revealed 11 polymorphic loci. Overall, populations show remarkably little divergence given the geographic distribution of sample sites. None of the populations sampled were fixed for alternative electromorphs. There is no evidence from this study for the presence of sibling species within C. bezziana.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, J.L. (1962) The development of a cattle industry in the territory of Papua and New Guinea. Papua New Guinea Agricultural Journal 14, 133140.Google Scholar
Anon. (1979) Screw-worm fly. Possible prevention and eradication policies for Australia. 576 pp. Canberra, Australian Government Service for Australian Bureau of Animal Health.Google Scholar
Anon. (1985) Statistical Analysis System: SAS user's guide: statistics, version 5 Edition. pp 171253. Cary, North Carolina, SAS Institute Inc.Google Scholar
Anon. (1990) A national review of Australia's longer term screw worm fly (SWF) preparedness strategy. 32 pp. Canberra. Department of Primary Industries and Energy.Google Scholar
Ayala, F.J. & Powell, J.R. (1972) Allozymes as diagnostic characters of sibling species of Drosophila. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA, 69, 10941096.Google Scholar
Felsenstein, J. (1981) Evolutionary trees from gene frequencies and quantitative characters: finding maximum likelihood estimates. Evolution 35, 12291242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Felsenstein, J. (1985) Phylogenies from gene frequencies: a statistical problem. Systematic Zoology 34, 300311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gingrich, R.E., Graham, A.J. & Hightower, B.G. (1971) Media containing liquefied nutrients for mass-rearing larvae of the screwworm. Journal of Economic Entomology 64, 678683.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guillot, F.S., Brown, H.E. & Broce, A.B. (1978) Behaviour of sexually active male screwworm flies. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 71, 199201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humphrey, J.D., Spradbery, J.P. & Tozer, R.S. (1980) Chrysomya bezziana: pathology of old world screw-worm fly infestations in cattle. Experimental Parasitology 49, 381397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LaChance, L.E. & Whitten, C.J. (1986) Symposium: Genetics in Entomology. Cytogenetic studies of screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) populations from southern Mexico and Jamaica. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 79, 792798.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mangan, R.L. (1985) Population ecology and genetics research on Mexican screwworms. pp. 6264 in Graham, O.H. (Ed.) Symposium on eradication of the screwworm from the United States and Mexico. (Entomological Society of America Miscellaneous Publication No. 62.)Google Scholar
McInnis, D.O., Whitten, C.J., Mackley, J.W., Peterson, R.D. & Spencer, J.P. (1983) Cytogenetic studies of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae), from Chiapas, Mexico. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 76, 628640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nei, M. (1978) Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 89, 583590.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Norris, K.R. & Murray, M.D. (1964) Notes on the screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as a pest of cattle in New Guinea. Technical Paper CSIRO Division of Entomology, No. 6.26 pp.Google Scholar
Paterson, H.E.H. (1981) The continuing search for the unknown and unknowable: a critique of contemporary ideas on speciation. South African Journal of Science 77, 113119.Google Scholar
Paterson, H.E.H. (1984) The recognition concept of species: Michael Macnamara interviews H.E.H. Paterson. South African Journal of Science 80, 312318.Google Scholar
Platnick, N. (1987) An empirical comparison of microcomputer parsimony programs. Cladistics 3, 121144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Price, P.W. (1980) Evolutionary biology of parasites. 237 pp. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press.Google ScholarPubMed
Rajapaska, N. & Spradbery, J.P. (1989) Occurrence of the Old World screw-worm fly Chrysomya bezziana on livestock vessels and commercial aircraft. Australian Veterinary Journal 66, 9496.Google Scholar
Richardson, B.J., Baverstock, P.R. & Adams, M. (1986) Allozyme electrophoresis: a handbook for animal systematics and population studies. 410 pp. Sydney, Australia, Academic Press Inc.Google Scholar
Spradbery, J.P. (1990) Manual of operations: Australian Screwworm Fly Unit. Technical Paper CSIRO Division of Entomology no. 49., 241 pp.Google Scholar
Spradbery, J.P. & Vanniasingham, J.A. (1980) Incidence of the screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, at the Zoo Negara, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 20, 151153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spradbery, J.P., Pound, A.A., Robb, J.R. & Tozer, R.S. (1983) Sterilization of the screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve (Diptera: Calliphoridae), by gamma radiation. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 22, 319324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spradbery, J.P., Tozer, R.S., Robb, J.M. & Cassells, P. (1989) The screw-worm fly Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in a sterile insect release trial in Papua New Guinea. Researches on Population Ecology 31, 353366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sukarsih Tozer, R.S. & Knox, M.R. (1989) Collection and case incidence of the Old World Screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, in three localities in Indonesia. Penyakit Hewan 21, 114117.Google Scholar
Sutherst, R.W., Spradbery, J.P. & Maywald, G.F. (1989) The potential geographical distribution of the Old World screwworm fly, Chrysomya bezziana on livestock vessels and commercial aircraft. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 3, 273280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swofford, D.L. & Selander, R.B. (1989) Biosys-1. A Computer program for the analysis of allelic variation in population genetics and biochemical systematics. Release 1.7. Illinois Natural History Survey.Google Scholar
Thomas, D.B. & Mangan, R. (1989) Oviposition and woundvisiting behaviour of the screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominovorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 82, 526534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weir, B.S. (1990) Genetic data analysis. pp 135171. Sunderland, Massachusetts, Sinauer Associates, Inc.Google Scholar
Wright, S. (1978) Evolution and the genetics of populations. Vol. 4. Variability within and among natural populations. Chicago Illinois, University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar