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Diversity of tortricid moths in apple orchards: evidence for a cryptic species of Grapholita (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2016

Y. Zheng ,
R.X. Wu ,
S. Dorn  and
M.H. Chen
Y. Zheng
Affiliation:
College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
R.X. Wu
Affiliation:
College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
S. Dorn
Affiliation:
ETH Zurich, Applied Entomology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9/LFO, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
M.H. Chen*
Affiliation:
College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
*
*Author for correspondence Telephone: ++ (86)-29-87091853 Fax: ++ (86)-29-87091853 E-mail: maohua.chen@nwsuaf.edu.cn
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Abstract

Understanding herbivore diversity both at the species and genetic levels is a key to effective pest management. We examined moth samples from multiple locations from a major apple growing region in China. For specimen collection, we used a pheromone trap designed to attract Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Surprisingly, we found a second species captured at high proportions. Its external morphology (e.g., male genitalia and forewing coloration) was the same as for Grapholita funebrana Treitschke (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) specimens from Europe. However, the barcode sequence of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI) diverged markedly between specimens from China and Europe, and the genetic distance value between the specimens from the two regions as estimated using the Juke-Cantor (JC) model amounted to 0.067. These morphological and molecular findings together point to a cryptic species in G. funebrana from China. Further molecular analyses based on COI and COII genes revealed its extremely high genetic diversity, indicating that the origin of this species includes the sampling region. Moreover, molecular data suggest that this species passed through a recent population expansion. This is the first report on a cryptic species in G. funebrana, as well as the first report on its genetic diversity.

Keywords

genetic diversitycrypticGrapholita funebranamtDNAhaplotype
Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 107 , Issue 2 , April 2017 , pp. 268 - 280
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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