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Coexistence of three specialist predators of the hemlock woolly adelgid in the Pacific Northwest USA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2019

Alexander Rose ,
Darrell W. Ross Open the ORCID record for Darrell W. Ross [Opens in a new window] ,
Nathan P. Havill ,
Kyle Motley  and
Kimberly F. Wallin
Alexander Rose
Affiliation:
Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR97331, USA
Darrell W. Ross*
Affiliation:
Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR97331, USA
Nathan P. Havill
Affiliation:
USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Hamden, CT06514, USA
Kyle Motley
Affiliation:
Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405, USA
Kimberly F. Wallin
Affiliation:
Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405, USA USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Burlington, VT05405, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Darrell W. Ross, E-mail: darrell.ross@oregonstate.edu
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Abstract

The hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae: Adelges tsugae Annand) is an invasive insect, introduced from Japan to eastern North America, where it causes decline and death of hemlock trees. There is a closely related lineage of A. tsugae native to western North America. To inform classical biological control of A. tsugae in the eastern USA, the density and phenology of three native western adelgid specialist predators, Leucopis argenticollis (Zetterstedt), Le. piniperda (Malloch) (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), and Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), were quantified in the Pacific Northwest. Infested branches were collected from western hemlock (Pinaceae: Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) at four sites around the Puget Sound, Washington and three sites in Oregon. Immature Leucopis were identified to species using DNA barcodes. Leucopis argenticollis was roughly twice as abundant as Le. piniperda. Laricobius nigrinus larvae were more abundant than the two species of Leucopis during the egg stage of the first adelgid generation, but Leucopis were present as feeding larvae during the second adelgid generation when La. nigrinus was aestivating in the soil, resulting in Leucopis being more abundant than La. nigrinus across the entire sampling period. Adelges tsugae and La. nigrinus densities were not correlated, while A. tsugae and Leucopis spp. densities were positively correlated. Leucopis spp. and La. nigrinus densities were negatively correlated. These results support the complementary use of La. nigrinus and the two Leucopis species for biological control of A. tsugae in the eastern USA, and point to the need for further investigation of spatial and temporal niche partitioning among the three predator species.

Keywords

Adelges tsugaebiological controlLaricobius nigrinusLeucopis spp.silver flies
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 110 , Issue 3 , June 2020 , pp. 303 - 308
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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