Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-wq484 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T07:44:43.566Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Meeting the increased demand for animal products in Asia: opportunities and challenges for research

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2018

C. Devendra*
Affiliation:
International Livestock Research Institute, PO Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
Get access

Extract

Improved animal production and productivity enhancement in Asia are justified in direct response to the need for more animal proteins. This need is associated with rising incomes, which encourage people to diversify their diets to include a variety of meats, eggs and dairy products, including the substitution of calories in livestock for low-priced starch calories. The projected total meat and milk human consumption levels in 2020 are far in excess of anticipated supplies (Degaldo et al., 1999). The rapid growth in the consumption of foods of animal origin is especially spectacular in East and South East Asia where the demand growth has placed unprecedented pressure on the management of the natural resources (crops, animals, land and water).

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alexandratos, N. (1995). World agriculture: Toward 2000. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Rome, Italy, and John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK, 488 pp.Google Scholar
Alston, J.M., Pardey, P.G. and Rosebroom, G. (1998). Financing agricultural research: international investment patterns and policy interventions. World Development 26:1975–1071.Google Scholar
Boserup, E. (1981). Population and technological change: A study of long term trends. Chicago University Press, Chicago, USA.Google Scholar
Chantalakhana, C. (1990). Small farm animal production and sustainable agriculture. Proceedings Asian-Australasian Animal Science Congress, Taipei, Taiwan, 2:3958.Google Scholar
Congyi, Y. and Yixian, G. (1995). Rice-based crop-animal systems in China. In: Crop-animal interactions.Edited by Devendra, C. and Sevilla, C. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines, pp. 381394.Google Scholar
CRIFC (1995). Final report on crop-animal systems research. Central Research Institute for Food Crops (CRIFC), Bogor, Indonesia, 61 pp.Google Scholar
Delgado, C., Rosegrant, M.W. and Meijer, S., S., (2001). Livestock to 2020. The revolution continues. Annual Meeting International Trade Consortium, Auckland, New Zealand, 38 pp.Google Scholar
Delgado, C., Rosegrant, M., Steinfeld, H., Ehui, S. and Courbois, C. (1999). Livestock to 2020. The next food revolution. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington DC, USA, 72 pp.Google Scholar
Deocareza, A.G. and Diesta, H.E. (1993). Animal production under improved pasture under coconuts. Proceedings Regional Working Group on Forages, Khon Kaen, Thailand, pp.183193.Google Scholar
Devendra, C. (1983). Small farm systems combining crops and animals. Proceedings 111 World Conference on animal production, Tokyo, Japan, Volume 1, pp. 173191.Google Scholar
Devendra, C. (1989). Ruminant production systems in the developing countries: resource utilisation. In: Feeding strategies for improved productivity of ruminant livestock in developing countries, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria, pp. 530.Google Scholar
Devendra, C. (1991). The potential for integration of small ruminants and tree cropping in South East Asia. World Animal Review 66:1322.Google Scholar
Devendra, C. (1993). Sustainable animal production in small farm systems in South East Asia. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper No. 100, 163 pp.Google Scholar
Devendra, C. (1995a). Environmental characterisation of crop-animal systems in rainfed upland and lowland areas. In: Crop-animal interactions. Edited by Devendra, C. and Sevilla, C. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Discussion Paper Series No. 6, pp.243263.Google Scholar
Devendra, C. (1995b). Mixed farming and intensification of animal production in Asia. In: Proceedings of the ILRI/FAO Round Table on Livestock Development in Low-income Countries, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, pp.133144.Google Scholar
Devendra, C. (1996). Overview of integrated, animals-crops-fish production systems: achievements and future potential. Proceedings of Symposium on integrated systems of animal production in the Asian Region, Chiba, Japan, pp. 922.Google Scholar
Devendra, C. (1999a). Small ruminant production systems in semiarid and arid environments of Asia. Annals of Arid Zone, Jodhpur, India, 37: 215232.Google Scholar
Devendra, C. (1999b) Goats: Challenges for increased productivity and improved livelihoods. Outlook on Agriculture 29 : 215226.Google Scholar
Devendra, C. (2002). Crop-animal systems in Asia: future perspectives. Agricultural Systems 71:179186.Google Scholar
Devendra, C. and Chantalakhana, C. (1996). Development of sustainable crop-animal systems in Asia. Proceedings 6th Asian- Australasian Animal Science Congress. Edited by Bunyawejchewin, P., Sangdid, S. and Hangsarat, K. Animal Husbandry Association of Thailand, Volume 1:2139.Google Scholar
Devendra, C. and Chantalakhana, C. (2002). Animals, poor people and food insecurity: opportunities for improved livelihoods through efficient natural resource management. Outlook on Agriculture (in press).Google Scholar
Devendra, C. and Pezo, D. (2002). Improvement of crop-animal systems and rainfed agriculture to food security and livelihoods in South East Asia. Proceedings of international symposium on sustaining food security and managing natural resources in Southeast Asia – Challenges for the 21st Century. Eiselen Foundation, Ulm, Germany, pp. 129131.Google Scholar
Devendra, C., Sevilla, C. and Pezo, D. (2001). Food-feed systems in Asia. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 14: 733745.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Devendra, C., Thomas, D., Jabbar, M. A. and Kudo, H. (1997). Improvement of livestock production in crop-animal systems in the rainfed agro-ecological zones of South East Asia. International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya, 107 pp.Google Scholar
Devendra, C., Thomas, D., Jabbar, M.A. and Zerbini, E. (2000). Improvement of livestock production in crop-animal systems in agro-ecological zones of South Asia. International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya, 108 pp.Google Scholar
Devendra, C. and Thomas, D. (2002). Crop-animal interactions in mixed farming systems in Asia. Agricultural Systems 71: 2740.Google Scholar
Edwards, P, Pullin, R.S.V. and Gartner, J.A. (1998). Research and education for the development of crop-livestock-fish farming systems in the tropics. ICLARM studies and Reviews No. 16, 53 pp.Google Scholar
FAO (1989). Sustainable agricultural production. Implications of international agricultural research. FAO Research and Technology Paper 4, Food and Agriculture Organisatin (FAO), Rome, Italy, xi + 31 pp.Google Scholar
Gryseels, G., Groenewold, J.P. and Kassam, J. (1997). TAC Database for quantitative analysis of CGIAR priorities and strategies. TAC Secretariat, Rome, Italy.Google Scholar
Hazell, P and Haddad, L. (2001). Agricultural research and poverty reduction. Food, Agriculture and Environment Discussion Paper No 34, Washington D C, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI),Washington DC, USA, 41 pp.Google Scholar
Laquihon, G.A., Suico, G. and Laquihon, W.A. (1997). Integration of salt management of crop livestock in slopeland areas: the case of “super” SALT (sloping agricultural land technology): Proceedings international workshop on sustainable crop-livestock integration in sloping lands of Asia. Davao, Philippines, 21pp.Google Scholar
Livestock in Development (LID). (1999). Livestock in poverty-focused development. Livestock in Development, Crewkerne, UK, 95 pp.Google Scholar
Mahadevan, P. and Devendra, C. (1986). Present and projected ruminant production systems of South East Asia and the South Pacific. In: Forages in South East Asia and the Pacific. ACIAR Proceedings No. 12, pp. 16.Google Scholar
Nitis, I.M., Lana, K., Sukanten, W., Suarna, M. and Putra, S. (1990). The concept and development of the three strata forage system. In: Shrubs and tree fodders for farm animals. Edited by Devendra, C. International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada, pp. 92102.Google Scholar
PCARRD (1994).Recommendations for sustainable integrated small ruminants-coconuts systems. Series No. 77, Philippine Council for Agriculture Research and Resources Development (PCARRD), Los Baños, Philippines, 57 pp.Google Scholar
Pardey, P.G. and Beintema, N.M. (2001). Slow magic. Agricultural R & D a century after Mendel. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington DC, USA, 30 pp.Google Scholar
Pingali, P.L.and Rosegrant, M. 1994. Confronting the environmental consequences of the Green Revolution in Asia. Environment and Production Technology Division Discussion Paper No. 2, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington DC, USA.Google Scholar
Prein, M., Lightfoot, C. and Pullin, R.S.V. (1995). ICLARM's approach to the integration of aquaculture into sustainable farming systems. Global agenda for livestock research. Edited by Devendra, C. and Gardiner, P. Proceedings of the Consultation for the South-East Asia Region at IRRI, Los Banos, The Philippines, 10-13 May 1995. International Livestock Research (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya, pp. 117125.Google Scholar
Prucsasri, P. and Thanomwongwathana, P. (1995). Integration of beef cattle and baby maize. In: Proceedings Crop-animal interactions, Edited by Devendra, C. and Sevilla, C. IRRI Discussion Paper Series No. 6, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), pp. 241248.Google Scholar
Ramaswamy, N.S. (1985). Draught animal power-socioeconomic factors. In: Draught animal power production. Edited by Copland, J.W. ACIAR Proceedings No.10, ACIAR, Canberra, Australia, pp. 2025.Google Scholar
Sere, C. and Steinfeld, H. (1996). World livestock production systems: current status, issues and trends. Animal Production and Health Paper No. 127, Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Rome, Italy, 82 pp.Google Scholar
Sevilla, C.C., Carangal, V.R. and Ranola, R.F. (1995). Development of crop-animal research methodology for lowland rainfed area in Pangasinan, the Philippines. In: Crop-animal interactions. Edited by Devendra, C. and Sevilla, C. IRRI Discussion Paper Series 6. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Manila, Philippines. pp. 265286.Google Scholar
Steinfeld, H. (1998). Livestock production in the Asia and Pacific region: Current status, issues and trends. World Animal Review 90:1421.Google Scholar
Steinfeld, H. (1999). The industrialisation of livestock production in the light of the Asian economic crisis. Proceedings of the workshop on the implications of the Asian economic crisis on the livestock industry, Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 2740.Google Scholar
Sukri, M. I. and Dahlan, I. (1984). Feedlot and semi—feedlot systems for beef cattle fattening among smallholders. Proceedings 8th annual conference Malaysian Society of Animal Production, Genting Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia, pp. 7478.Google Scholar
Suriapernama, S., Syamsiah, T., Fagi, A.M. and Atunadja, (1998). Optimase daya dukung lahan dengan ristem minapadi-itek pada lahan dengan ristem minapadi-itek pda saevah beririgasi. Simposium Tananam Pangan 11, Bogor, Indonesia, pp. 2123.Google Scholar
TAC (Technical Advisory Committee) (1992). Review of CGIAR of Priorities and Strategies Part 1, TAC Secretariat, Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Rome, Italy, 250 pp.Google Scholar
Thien, N., Cong Quoc, N., Xuan Tuyen, D. and Sasaki, M. (1996). Rice-fish-duck-pig production in Vietnam. Proceedings Symposium on integrated systems of animal production in the Asian region, Chiba, Japan, pp. 5376.Google Scholar