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5.1 Toxicity Problems associated with Trace Elements in Domestic Animals
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 February 2018
Extract
The opening sentence of the toxicology section of a recent veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics text reads “Everything is poisonous” (Hatch, 1977). Such a generalization reinforces the fact that this paper is concerned with the toxicity of essential trace elements which are necessary for the proper functioning of body cells and are usually thought of in their role as essential components of a diet. Thus, there is the apparent paradox of certain trace elements being both necessary for and damaging to the proper functioning of cells and of the animals that are composed of these cells. It has been said that there are not any toxic elements but that there are toxic concentrations of elements and the paradox of essentiality and toxicity is resolved if we consider that it is the concentration of the element within the biological system that determines the type of action that occurs. Very low concentrations of trace elements are required for the proper functioning of enzymes, cells and tissues. Increasing concentrations can be tolerated by cells but, at a particular concentration, the homeostatic mechanisms can no longer handle the element and cells are damaged. It has been suggested that there are three zones of action of trace elements, (i) the biological action zone, (ii) the inactive zone and (iii) the pharmacotoxicological action zone (Venchikov, 1974).
- Type
- 5. Toxicity and Environmental Problems
- Information
- BSAP Occasional Publication , Volume 7: Trace Elements in Animal Production and Veterinary Practice , 1983 , pp. 107 - 117
- Copyright
- Copyright © British Society of Animal Production 1983
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