Hostname: page-component-68945f75b7-jkr4m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-03T04:47:15.707Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Psychiatric evidence in UK immigration and asylum cases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 August 2024

Nuwan Galappathie*
Affiliation:
Consultant forensic psychiatrist at Coveberry Oldbury (Oldbury, UK), which is a forensic locked rehabilitation hospital with 13 bedrooms and 2 independent flats for men with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder and/or other mental health conditions. He has prepared hundreds of psychiatric reports in immigration and asylum cases.
*
Correspondence Dr Nuwan Galappathie. Email: Nuwan.Galappathie@caretech-uk.com

Summary

This article critically reviews the case law, guidance and standards related to the provision of expert psychiatric evidence in immigration and asylum cases in the UK. It discusses the potentially complex and medico-legally challenging process of psychiatric evaluation of asylum seekers, and the implications of the presence of psychiatric disorders for issues such as the individual's ability to give oral evidence in court, immigration detention, fitness to fly, removal, deportation, ability to reintegrate into the destination country and appeal rights. To give context to the discussion, it outlines the asylum process in the UK from claiming asylum, initial screening and the ‘substantive interview’ to, if a claim is rejected, appeal to the First-tier Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber), detention and the removal process.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Blackmore, R, Boyle, JA, Fazel, M, et al (2020) The prevalence of mental illness in refugees and asylum seekers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Library of Science Medicine, 17: e1003337.Google ScholarPubMed
Duffy, RM, Kelly, BD (2015) Psychiatric assessment and treatment of survivors of torture. BJPsych Advances, 21: 106–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herlihy, J, Scragg, P, Turner, S (2002) Discrepancies in autobiographical memories – implications for the assessment of asylum seekers: repeated interviews study. BMJ, 324: 324–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Home Office (2024) Adults at Risk in Immigration Detention, Version 10.0. Home Office (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/664b61e0993111924d9d3844/Adults+at+risk+in+immigration+detention.pdf).Google Scholar
International Air Transport Association (2020) Medical Manual. IATA (https://www.iata.org/en/publications/medical-manual/).Google Scholar
Katona, C, Leak, A, Jones, DR, et al (2020) Reports in immigration and asylum cases. In Rix's Expert Psychiatric Evidence (eds Rix, K, Mynors-Wallis, L, Craven, C): 252–9. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lam, RW, Kennedy, SH, McIntyre, RS (2014) Cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder: effects on psychosocial functioning and implications for treatment. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 59: 649–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lexcen, FJ, Hawk, GL, Herrick, S, et al (2006) Use of video conferencing for psychiatric and forensic evaluations. Psychiatric Services, 57: 713–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McColl, H, McKenzie, K, Bhui, K (2008) Mental healthcare of asylum-seekers and refugees. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 14: 452–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robjant, K, Hassan, R, Katona, C (2009) Mental health implications of detaining asylum seekers: systematic review. British Journal of Psychiatry, 194: 306–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shaw, S (2016) Review into the Welfare in Detention of Vulnerable Persons: A Report to the Home Office by Stephen Shaw (Cm 9186). Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Tribunals Judiciary (2008) Practice Direction: First Tier and Upper Tribunal: Child, Vulnerable Adult and Sensitive Witnesses. Tribunals Judiciary.Google Scholar
Tribunals Judiciary (2010) Joint Presidential Guidance Note No 2 of 2010: Child, Vulnerable Adult and Sensitive Appellant Guidance. Tribunals Judiciary.Google Scholar
UK Civil Aviation Authority (2024) Psychiatric Conditions: Information for Health Professionals on Assessing Fitness to Fly. UK Civil Aviation Authority (https://www.caa.co.uk/Passengers/Before-you-fly/Am-I-fit-to-fly/Guidance-for-health-professionals/Psychiatric-conditions).Google Scholar
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2023) Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2022. UNHCR (https://www.unhcr.org/global-trends-report-2022).Google Scholar
von Werthern, W, Robjant, K, Chui, X, et al (2018) The impact of immigration detention on mental health: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry, 18: 382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waterman, LZ, Katona, C, Katona, C (2020) Assessing asylum seekers, refugees and undocumented migrants. BJPsych Bulletin, 44: 7580.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yen, YC, Rebok, GW, Gallo, JJ, et al (2011) Depressive symptoms impair everyday problem-solving ability through cognitive abilities in late life. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19: 142–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
A Local Authority v P (2018) [2018] EWCOP 10.Google Scholar
CC v KK and STCC (2012) EWHC 2136 (COP).Google Scholar
CE (Cameroon) (2023) UKAITUR PA011122020.Google Scholar
HA (Expert Evidence; Mental Health) (Sri Lanka) (2022) UKUT 00111 (IAC).Google Scholar
LBL v RYJ (2010) EWHC 2664 (Fam).Google Scholar
MN and IXU v The Secretary of State for the Home Department (2020) EWCA Civ 1746.Google Scholar
Rehman v The Secretary of State for The Home Department (2023) UKAITUR UI2023001100.Google Scholar
A Local Authority v P (2018) [2018] EWCOP 10.Google Scholar
CC v KK and STCC (2012) EWHC 2136 (COP).Google Scholar
CE (Cameroon) (2023) UKAITUR PA011122020.Google Scholar
HA (Expert Evidence; Mental Health) (Sri Lanka) (2022) UKUT 00111 (IAC).Google Scholar
LBL v RYJ (2010) EWHC 2664 (Fam).Google Scholar
MN and IXU v The Secretary of State for the Home Department (2020) EWCA Civ 1746.Google Scholar
Rehman v The Secretary of State for The Home Department (2023) UKAITUR UI2023001100.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.