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Dominance and aggression over the life course: Timing and direction of causal influences
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 June 1998
Abstract
Studies of testosterone's effect on dominance are confounded by the effects of dominance experiences on testosterone. Furthermore, antisocial behavior tends to originate prepubertally, when testosterone levels are the same for aggressive males, nonaggressive males, and females. It seems more parsimonious to view variation in testosterone as an effect of dominance-related mood states than to invoke a reciprocal model.
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- © 1998 Cambridge University Press
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