Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-n9wrp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-17T14:26:59.289Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Vaccine Policy Failure: Explaining Thailand’s Unsuccessful Containment of COVID-19 in the Third Wave

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 August 2022

Piya Pangsapa*
Affiliation:
School of Global Studies, Thammasat University, Thailand

Abstract

In January 2020, Thailand became the first country outside of China to report a coronavirus infection. In July 2020, Thailand was the number one ranked country (out of 184 countries) for its effective handling of COVID-19. In December 2020, the country was hit by a second wave and the government was once again able to contain the new outbreak. In late March 2021, however, a third wave broke out and as of 1 April 2021, Thailand had seen 2,022,117 new cases and a death toll during the third wave of 20,211. The Thai government has not only been unable to contain the virus this time around, but has also failed in its procurement, allocation, and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines for its 70 million people. This article will look at the government’s mismanagement of the pandemic in the third wave and how the government is dealing with the current crisis.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Asian Journal of Law and Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Areerat, Kongpob (2015) “Universal, But Not Equal: Thailand’s Public Health Disparities Persist,” https://prachatai.com/english/node/5416 (accessed 11 November 2021).Google Scholar
ASEAN Post, The (2020) “Growing Gap Between Richest and Poorest Thais,” The ASEAN Post, 1 May.Google Scholar
Bangprapa, Mongkol (2021a) “Economic Recovery in Motion,” Bangkok Post, 8 October.Google Scholar
Bangprapa, Mongkol (2021b) “Sustainability Key Economy, says PM,” Bangkok Post, 22 September.Google Scholar
Bangprapa, Mongkol (2021c) “Thailand to Buy 35m More Doses of Covid-19 Vaccine,” Bangkok Post, 21 April.Google Scholar
Bangprapa, Mongkol, & Sattaburuth, Aekarach (2021) “6 Opposition Parties Seek to Oust Prayut,” Bangkok Post, 29 April.Google Scholar
Bangkok Post (2021) “Build Better Covid Apps,” Bangkok Post, 8 May.Google Scholar
BBC News (2021) “Thailand: Record Number of Covid Cases as Prison Clusters Grow,” BBC News, 17 May.Google Scholar
Beech, Hannah, & Suhartono, Muktita (2021) “A Mass Inoculation Campaign in Thailand Stumbles Amid a Severe Outbreak,” The New York Times, 14 June.Google Scholar
Bloomberg News (2021a) “Private Hospitals Seek 5m Doses of Moderna Vaccine,” Bangkok Post, 23 May.Google Scholar
Bloomberg News (2021b) “Thailand to Shift Strategy to ‘Learning to live with Covid-19’,” Bangkok Post, 23 August.Google Scholar
Boonbandit, Tappanai (2021) “It’s Official: Foreigners Can Register for Covid-10 Vaccinations Next Month,” https://www.khaosodenglish.com/news/crimecourtscalamity/2021/05/21/its-official-foreigners-can-register-for-covid-19-vaccine-next-month/ (accessed 12 November 2021).Google Scholar
Bui, Minh-Tam Thi, & Permpoonwiwat, Chompoonuh Kosalakorn (2015) “Gender Wage Inequality in Thailand: A Sectoral Perspective.” 10 The Journal of Behavioral Science 1936.Google Scholar
Carter, Ann (2021) “Private Hospitals to Order 5 Million Moderna Vaccine Doses for Paying Customers,” The Thaiger, 24 May.Google Scholar
Chandoevwit, Worawan, & Phatchana, Phasith (2019) “Addressing the Male Biased Gender Health Gap,” https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1651764/addressing-the-male-biased-gender-health-gap (accessed 11 November 2021).Google Scholar
Draper, John, & Kamnuansilpa, Peerasit (2019) “Ethnic Inequality ‘Extreme,’ Says Study,” Bangkok Post, 21 February.Google Scholar
Draper, John, & Selway, Joel Sawat (2019) “A New Dataset on Horizontal Structural Ethnic Inequalities in Thailand in Order to Address Sustainable Development Goal Grade 10.” 141 Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement 275–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duangdee, Vijitra (2021) “Thailand’s ‘Hi-So’ Elite Blamed for New Covid-19 Cases Forcing Closure of Nightspots,” https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3128884/thailands-hi-so-elite-blamed-new-covid-19-cases (accessed 20 November 2021).Google Scholar
FIDH (2021) “Thailand: Joint Letter on Prison Conditions and Covid-19,” https://www.fidh.org/en/region/asia/thailand/joint-letter-on-prison-conditions-and-covid-19 (accessed 20 November 2021).Google Scholar
Frye, Zachary (2020) “Migrant Workers in Thailand at Risk of Abuse Amid Economic Slowdown,” https://www.aseantoday.com/2020/07/migrant-workers-in-thailand-at-risk-of-abuse-amid-economic-slowdown/ (accessed 21 October 2021).Google Scholar
ILO (2021) “Thai Youth Unemployment at New High,” Bangkok Post, 25 November.Google Scholar
IOM (2019) “Cambodian Labour Migrants in Thailand: IOM,” https://www.iom.int/news/cambodian-labour-migrants-thailand-iom-study (accessed 21 October 2021).Google Scholar
Irrawaddy, The (2021) “Hundreds of Myanmar Migrant Workers in Thailand Infected in Mass Covid Outbreak,” The Irrawaddy, 1 July.Google Scholar
Khernamnuoy, Pasika, & Silver, Katie (2021) “Thailand Reopens to Vaccinated Tourists from over 60 Nations,” BBC News, 1 November.Google Scholar
Meechukhun, Nop (2021) “Covid-19 Vaccine Registration Status in Thailand: When Is the Registration and the Vaccination Date, Here Is What We Know So Far,” The Pattaya News, 27 May, https://thepattayanews.com/2021/05/27/covid-19-vaccine-registration-status-in-thailand-when-is-the-registration-and-the-vaccination-date-here-is-what-we-know-so-far/ (accessed 11 November 2021).Google Scholar
Newton, Tim (2021) “Mor Prom App Crashes Yesterday as People Rush to Register for Vaccine Roll Out,” Thaiger, 2 May.Google Scholar
NHRCT (2017) “Alternative Report of the National Human Rights Commission of Thailand,” https://www.nhrc.or.th/NHRCTWork/InternationalHumanRights/Alternativereports.aspx?lang=en-US (accessed 11 November 2021).Google Scholar
Nolen, Stephanie, & Robbins, Rebecca (2021) “Pfizer Will Allow Its Covid Pill to Be Made and Sold Cheaply in Poor Countries,” The New York Times, 16 November.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OECD (2021) “OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-1): Enhancing Public Trust in COVID-19 Vaccination: The Role of Governments,” 10 May, https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/enhancing-public-trust-in-covid-19-vaccination-the-role-of-governments-eae0ec5a/ (accessed 12 November 2021).Google Scholar
Online Reporters (2021a) “Authorities Defend Vaccine Policy,” Bangkok Post, 10 April.Google Scholar
Online Reporters (2021b) “Covid Hotspot Club Managers in Bangkok Jailed 2 Months,” Bangkok Post, 11 April.Google Scholar
Online Reporters (2021c) “Jab Booking Platform Sees Huge Demand,” Bangkok Post, 1 May.Google Scholar
Online Reporters (2021d) “Siam Bioscience-Produced AstraZeneca Vaccine Passes Quality Testing,” Bangkok Post, 9 May.Google Scholar
Pananond, Pavida, & Pongsudhirak, Thitinan (2021) “Short-Sighted Thai Vaccine Plans,” Bangkok Post, 2 April.Google Scholar
Pannarunothai, Supasit, & Mills, Anne (1997) “The Poor Pay More: Health Related Inequality in Thailand.” 44 Social Science and Medicine 1781–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peter, Zsombor (2020) “Poverty, Inequality in Thailand on the Rise, World Bank Says,” VOA News, 15 March.Google Scholar
Polkuamdee, Nuntawun (2021) “TDRI Points to Post-Pandemic Mega Trends,” Bangkok Post, 24 November, https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2220651/tdri-points-to-post-pandemic-mega-trends (accessed 11 November 2021).Google Scholar
Pongsudhirak, Thitinan (2021) “Govt. Must Take Vaccine Responsibility,” Bangkok Post, 23 July.Google Scholar
Post Reporters (2019) “Thailand’s Healthcare Ranked Sixth Best in the World,” Bangkok Post, 9 September.Google Scholar
Post Reporters (2021a) “Coexisting with Disease,” Bangkok Post, 6 September.Google Scholar
Post Reporters (2021b) “CRA Steps in to ‘Fill Shots Void’,” Bangkok Post, 28 May.Google Scholar
Post Reporters (2021c) “Thailand to Procure 90m Doses Next Year,” Bangkok Post, 20 November.Google Scholar
Prateepchaikul, Veera (2021) “Sinovac May Be Only Choice for Many,” https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2154619/sinovac-may-be-only-choice-for-many (accessed 21 November 2021).Google Scholar
Rajatanavin, Nattadhanai, Tuangratananon, Titiporn, Suphanchaimat, Rapeepong, et al. (2021) “Responding to the Covid-19 Second Wave in Thailand by Diversifying and Adapting Lessons from the First Wave.” 6 BMJ Global Health 119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reliefweb (2021) “Thai Red Cross Delivers Covid-19 Vaccines to Displaced Persons,” https://reliefweb.int/report/thailand/thai-red-cross-delivers-covid-19-vaccines-displaced-persons (accessed 21 November 2021).Google Scholar
Reuters (2021) “Thai Red Cross Delivers Covid Vaccines to Vulnerable Migrant Workers,” Bangkok Post, 5 October.Google Scholar
RFA Khmer Service & Oo, Thant Zin (2021) “Thailand COVID-19 Second Wave Sends Cambodian Migrants Fleeing, Sparks Myanmar Worker Protest,” https://www.rfa.org/english/news/cambodia/migrants-01052021211136.html (accessed 20 October 2021).Google Scholar
RFA Lao Service (2020) “Second Wave of Coronavirus in Thailand Leaves Lao Migrants Unemployed and Stranded,” https://www.rfa.org/english/news/laos/thailand-12302020114129.html (accessed 21 October 2021).Google Scholar
Samtisart, Isra (1994) “Poverty, Income Inequality, and Health Care Consumption in Thailand.” 25 Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 618–27.Google Scholar
Sangiam, Tanakorn, & Thadaphrom, Thammarat (2021) “Thailand Not Among Countries Allowed to Make Its Own Paxlovid Pills,” https://thainews.prd.go.th/en/news/detail/TCATG211117230641174 (accessed 11 November 2021).Google Scholar
Sanglee, Tita (2021a) “COVID-19: A Catalyst for Rising Inequality in Thailand,” https://thediplomat.com/2021/08/covid-19-a-catalyst-for-rising-inequality-in-thailand/ (accessed 20 November 2021).Google Scholar
Sanglee, Tita (2021b) “Thailand’s Covid Cases Skyrocket, Eroding Support for Prayut Government,” https://thediplomat.com/2021/04/thailands-covid-19-cases-skyrocket-eroding-support-for-prayut-government/ (accessed 15 November 2021).Google Scholar
Satrusayang, Cod (2021) “Private Hospitals Target July Date for First Moderna Jabs,” Thai Enquirer, 13 May.Google Scholar
Sattaburuth, Aekarach (2021) “Censure Debate Kicks Off,” Bangkok Post, 31 August.Google Scholar
Sriring, Orathai, & Perawongmetha, Athit (2020) “Thailand to Test Thousands After Shrimp Market Covid Outbreak,” Reuters, 20 December.Google Scholar
Sumano, Boonwara, & Aneksomboonphon, N. (2021) “New Tactics to Help Migrant Workers,” Bangkok Post, 28 July.Google Scholar
Supateerawanitt, Arpiwach (2021) “UPDATE: Bangkok to Start Providing 5 Million Covid-19 Vaccine Doses at Over 150 Spots in June,” https://www.timeout.com/bangkok/news/update-bangkok-to-start-providing-5-million-covid-19-vaccine-doses-at-over-150-spots-in-june-052021 (accessed 10 October 2021).Google Scholar
Tanakasempipat, Patpicha (2021) “EXCLUSIVE Thailand’s Elderly Lag Behind in Covid Vaccination Drive, Data Show,” Reuters, 31 August.Google Scholar
Taylor, Maya (2021) “Thai Industry Body Says Government May Miss Vaccination Target Due to Supply Issues,” Thaiger, 26 May.Google Scholar
Teeratanabodee, Wichuta (2021) “Why Vaccine Hesitancy is Rising Among Thailand’s Youth,” https://thediplomat.com/2021/10/why-vaccine-hesitancy-is-rising-among-thailands-youth/ (accessed 11 November 2021).Google Scholar
Thai PBS World’s General Desk (2021a) “New Vaccine Combo Injects Hope for Thailand’s Battle Against COVID-19,” https://www.thaipbsworld.com/new-vaccine-combo-injects-hope-for-thailands-battle-against-covid-19/ (accessed 21 November 2021).Google Scholar
Thai PBS World’s General Desk (2021b) “Thailand’s AstraZeneca Plan Stumbles Again as Third Wave Rises,” https://www.thaipbsworld.com/thailands-astrazeneca-plan-stumbles-again-as-third-wave-rises/ (accessed 21 November 2021).Google Scholar
Thai PBS World’s General Desk (2021c) “Thailand’s Sluggish Vaccine Rollout No Match for Super-Contagious COVID Strain,” https://www.thaipbsworld.com/thailands-sluggish-vaccine-rollout-no-match-for-super-contagious-covid-strain/ (accessed 20 November 2021).Google Scholar
Thaiger, The (2021) “More Pfizer Vaccines for Children Arrive in Thailand,” The Thaiger, 29 October.Google Scholar
Thanthong-Knight, Randy (2021) “Thailand Rethinks Vaccine Plan as Virus Flareup Hits Economy,” Bloomberg, 27 April.Google Scholar
The Indigenous Women Network of Thailand (IWNT), the Centre of Multicultural and Education Policy, Faculty of Education, Chiang Mai University (2010) “Report on the Situation on the Rights of Ethnic Minority Women in Thailand,” https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CEDAW/Shared%20Documents/THA/INT_CEDAW_NGN_THA_25675_E.pdf (accessed 31 October 2021).Google Scholar
Thepgumpanat, Panarat (2021) “Thailand Says Foreigners to Get Covid-19 Vaccines Amid Access concern,” Reuters, 6 May.Google Scholar
Toomgum, Sirivish, & Banchongduang, Somruedi (2021) “Capital Market Key to Post-Covid Economy,” Bangkok Post, 26 August.Google Scholar
Tun, Tint Zaw (2020) “More Myanmar Workers Suffer Abuse in Thailand, Group says,” https://www.mmtimes.com/news/more-myanmar-workers-suffer-abuse-thailand-group-says.html (accessed 31 October 2021).Google Scholar
UNDP (2020) “New Study Explores Stigma and Discrimination Against Trans Women in Thailand,” https://www.undp.org/thailand/press-releases/new-study-explores-stigma-and-discrimination-against-trans-women-thailand (accessed 9 November 2021).Google Scholar
UNICEF (2021) “UNICEF Ramps Up Support to Curb Covid-19 Outbreak in Bangkok’s Klong Toey Community,” https://www.unicef.org/thailand/press-releases/unicef-ramps-support-curb-covid-19-outbreak-bangkoks-klongtoey-community (accessed 9 November 2021).Google Scholar
Wancharoen, Supoj (2021) “70% of Population in Bangkok Now Fully Vaccinated,” https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2200559/70-of-population-in-bangkok-now-fully-vaccinated (accessed 20 November 2021).Google Scholar
Wipatayotin, Apinya (2020) “Thailand To Be Star Player In Covid Success Story,” https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1955827/thailand-to-be-star-player-in-covid-success-story (accessed 15 August 2021).Google Scholar
Wipatayotin, Apinya (2021) “Health Minister Restricts Covid Vaccine Options,” https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2108651/health-minister-restricts-covid-vaccine-options (accessed 15 November 2021).Google Scholar
World Bank (2020) “The Thai Economy: Covid-19, Poverty, and Social Protection,” https://blogs.worldbank.org/eastasiapacific/thai-economy-covid-19-poverty-and-social-protection (accessed 21 November 2021).Google Scholar
Worrachaddejchai, Dusida (2021a) “Omicron Will Not Affect Reopening, Says Phiphat,” https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2206051/tourism-readies-for-takeoff (accessed 25 November 2021).Google Scholar
Worrachaddejchai, Dusida (2021b) “Tourism Readies for Takeoff,” https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2206051/tourism-readies-for-takeoff (accessed 25 November 2021).Google Scholar