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The gallery in England: names and meanings

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 April 2016

Rosalys Coope
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Extract

Gallery: in Elizabethan and Jacobean houses, a long room or ‘long gallery’, usually on the upper floor and extending the whole length of the house . . .

J. Harris and J. Lever, Illustrated Glossary of Architecture 850-1830 (1969)

The ‘long gallery’: a name and a room perfectly familiar these days to anyone visiting or reading about English country houses and, indeed, equally familiar since the midnineteenth century to those acquainted with prints and descriptions of country-house interiors. Does the name, however, as we use it today, go back much further than the nineteenth century and what are the problems which the word ‘gallery’ itself can present?

Type
Section 6: A Miscellany of Building Types and Some Definitions
Information
Architectural History , Volume 27: Design and Practice in British Architecture , 1984 , pp. 446 - 455
Copyright
Copyright © Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain 1984

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References

Notes

1 Die Entstehung der Gallerie in Frankreich und Italien (Berlin, 1970).

2 Hoffmann, Volker review in Architectura, 1 (1971), 102-12 Google Scholar; Büttner, Frank ‘Zur Frage der Entstehung der Galerie’, Architectura, 11 (1972), 75-80.Google Scholar

3 The plan and its key are in King’s Works, in, 350-51, the reference to them in King’s Works, iv, 17.

4 King’s Works, iv, 80-81.

5 Quoted by Colvin, H. ibid., p. 19.Google Scholar The original reads: ‘. . . e vidi tregalerie, chiamate cussi, ch’eportichi longi e sale senza camere, e con fanestre da I’uno e I’altro canto che guardano sopra giardini e fiumi . . .’. Venice, Bibl. Nazionale Marciana, Cod. Marc. It. vn, 282 (= 9269), M. Sanudo, Diarii (Venice, 1879-1902), liv, 589, 590.

6 See Skeat, W. W. Etymological Dictionary of the English Language (Oxford 1882); Hoffmann, art cit., pp. 1-2 Google Scholar; Büttner, art. cit., pp. 76-77.

7 Dictionary of Middle English, ed. Khun, S. M. and Reidy, j. (Ann Arbor, 1963).Google Scholar

8 King’s Works, iv, 17. It should be noted that 18th-century watercolours show a tower at the south end of the gallery at The Vyne.

9 I am grateful to Professor Cameron of the Department of English Studies of the University of Nottingham for help over the correct rendering of this verse. See also D. A. Pearsall, The Floure and the Leafe and The Assembly of Ladies (1962 and 1980); Dallaway, R. Observations on English Architecture (1806), p. 104 Google Scholar; Chute, Chaloner W. A Flistory of The Vyne in Flampshire (Winchester, 1888), p. 140.Google Scholar

10 Quoted in King’s Works, iv, 19.

11 See ibid., p. 224.

12 Kingsford, C. L. ‘On Some London Houses of the Early Tudor Period’, Archaeologia, lxxi (1921), 17 Google Scholar ff.

13 ‘Recreative gallery’, see King’s Works, IV, 17; for the appearance of the Richmond gallery, ibid., pi. 19; the Westminster Palace account, ibid., p. 297.

14 ‘Certain Books ofVirgil’s Aenis Translated by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, 1557, Roxburghe Club, 1 (1814). The original reads' ‘Ecce autem elapsus Pyrrhi de caede Polites/unus natorum Priami, per tela per hostis,/ porticibus longis fugit et vacua atria lustrat/saucius . . .’ Aeneid, 11,11. 526-29.

15 Essays, first published 1597 but Of Building, though certainly conceived earlier was not printed until the edition of 1612. See Everyman Edition ed. Rhys, C. p. 133.Google Scholar

16 Emmison, F. G. Tudor Secretary, Sir William Petre at Court and Home (1961), pp. 30-32.Google Scholar

17 Boynton, Lindsay The Hardwick Hall Inventories, Furniture History Society, vn (1971), 27, 43, 44.Google Scholar

18 ‘The Smythson Collection of the Royal Institute of British Architects’ ed. Mark Girouard, Architectural History, v (1962); ‘The Book of Architecture ofjohn Thorpe’, ed. J. Summerson, Walpole Society, XL (1964-66).

19 Kingsford, C. L. art. cit., pp. 31-38, 53.Google Scholar

20 ‘Inventory of the Effects of Henry Howard, Earl of Northampton, 1614’, Archaeologia, xliii, part 11 (1862).

21 King’s Works, iv, 77. For other examples of‘long gallery’ in contemporary documents see ibid., pp. 165, 273, 31922 The Elements of Architecture (1624, reprinted 1969), p. 8.

23 Of Building, Roger North’s Writings of Architecture, ed. Colvin, H. and Newman, j. (Oxford, 1981), pp. 85, 125, 130, 135-36, 143.Google Scholar

24 Evelyn, J. Account of Architects and Architecture (1697) ed. of 1723, p. 13.Google Scholar Evelyn’s and North’s debt to Vitruvius, Lib. VI Cap. VII is obvious.

25 Everybody's Pepys, The Diary . . . i66o-i66g, ed. Morshead, O. F. (1947), p. 277.Google Scholar

26 Diary of John Evelyn, Everyman’s edition, 2 vols, 1962.

27 The Journeys of Celia Fiennes, ed. C. Morris (1949).

28 Susan Foister, ‘Paintings and Other Works of Art in Sixteenth-Century English Inventories’, Burl. Mag, cxxni (May, 1981), 278.

29 Quoted by Piper, D. in Proceedings of the Huguenot Society, xx, 1958-64 Google Scholar, 214.1 am obliged to Nigel Llewellyn for this reference.

30 Quoted by Thornton, P. Seventeenth Century Interior Decoration in England, France and Holland (1978), p. 254 Google Scholar and note 36 on p. 384.

31 Walpole, H. ‘Journal of Visits to Country Seats etc.’ ed. Toynbee, Paget Walpole Society, xvi (1927), 10-80 Google Scholar, and Correspondence of Horace Walpole, ed. Lewis, W. S. (1937-74), vols 9 Google Scholar, 10, and 35.

32 Cole’s tour with Walpole in 1763 is published as an appendix to Walpole, Correspondence, ed. Lewis, W. S. 10, 332-4733 Rev. Gilpin, W. Observations on Several Parts of England, Particularly the Mountains and Lakes of Cumberland and Westmorland (1772) ed. of 1786, 11, 220.Google Scholar

34 Arthur Young, A Six Weeks Tour through the Southern Counties of England and Wales (1768); A Six Months Tour through the North of England (1770); The Farmer’s Tour through the North of England (1771).

35 The Travels Through England Of Dr Richard Pococke During 1750, 1731 & Later Years, ed. Cartwright, J. J. for the Camden Society 2 vols, 1888 & 1889, n, 64.Google Scholar

36 I am grateful to Paul Drury for information about the Audley End account and to Oliver Fairclough and David Durant for telling me of the inventories of Aston Hall and Hardwick.

37 In King's Works, v (1660-1782), we find contemporary references to ‘long galleries’ at Hampton Court (139), Kensington Palace (184) and Somerset House (259, 262).

38 The Torrington Diaries Containing the Tours through England and Wales ofthe Hon. John Byng . . . Between the Years 1781 and 1794, ed. Andrews, C. Bruyn 3 vols (1934-36).Google Scholar

39 Girouard, M. ‘Attitudes to Elizabethan Architecture, 1600-1900’, Concerning Architecture, Essays for Nikolaus Pevsner (1968), p. 18.Google Scholar

40 Lara (c. 1815) Canto 1, ix; Don Juan, Canto xra (1823), lxvii and Canto xvi (1824), xviii.

41 Lister, T. H. Herbert Lacy (1828)Google Scholar and Mrs Arbuthnot, Journal 1820-23, e Bamford, d- F. and the Duke of Wellington, 2 vols, 1950.Google Scholar

42 Dallaway, Rev. J. op. cit., pp. 108, 230.Google Scholar

43 See also Girouard, M. op. cit., pp. 221-22.Google Scholar

44 Maria Edgeworth, Letters from England, 1813-1844, ed. Colvin, Christina (Oxford 1971), pp. 215-16, 273.Google Scholar

45 King’s Works, iv, 20 and n. 7.

46 Pevsner, N. The Englishness of English Art (1956), p. 92.Google Scholar

47 The author hopes later to publish a study of the general development of the long gallery.

48 Guide to Attingham Park, Shropshire (National Trust, 1977), p. 13.

49 Gervasejackson-Stops, ‘Englefield House, Berkshire’, Country Life, 26 February, 5 and 12 March 1981.

50 Herrmann, F. The English as Collectors (1972), p. 59 Google Scholar, quoting the English translation of G. Waagen, Treasures of Art in Britain, 1854, 1. For the actual disposition, in various of the royal residences, of Charles I’s collection see O. Millar, catalogue, The Age of Charles I, Tate Gallery, 1972.

51 Herrman, F. op. cit., pp. 140-42, 432.Google Scholar

52 Ibid., p. 324.

53 See Boase, T. S. R. ‘Illustrations of Shakespeare’s Plays in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century’, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, (1947) 83-108 Google Scholar: Irwin, David ‘Fuseli’s Milton Gallery; Unpublished Letters’, Burl. Mag. 101 (December 1959), 436-40 Google Scholar; Altick, Richard D. The Shows of London (Cambridge, Mass., 1978), ‘Art on Display’, p. 108.Google Scholar

54 Herrmann, F. op. cit., p. 267 Google Scholar, quoting Whiteley’s, T. Art in England 1821-1837 (1930).Google Scholar