1 Kelly, Alison, Decorative Wedgwood in Architecture and Furniture (1965), p. 76 Google Scholar.

2 The following is a list of those architects, and some more strictly definable as builders, who are known to have used Coade stone, or whose buildings include or included examples of it of the appropriate period. Users of Coade scagliola are also included. The list is correct to October 1984.

Robert Adam, Mario Asprucci the Younger, Thomas Atkinson, Sir Charles Barry, Francis Bedford, Richard Billing the Elder and Younger (of Reading), William Blackburn, Joseph Bonomi, Edward Bardwell Brazier, Robert William Furze Brettingham, Lancelot Brown, Arthur Browne (of Norwich), Charles Bulfinch, James

Burn (of Haddington), James Burton, Charles Augustus Busby, George Byfield, Charles Cameron? (‘Statues, Busts, Chimney pieces, Vases etc.’ ordered for ‘Zarsko Zelo’ seem likely to have been ordered by him for the Cameron Gallery or Catherine’s apartments at Tsarskoe Selo, but it has not been possible to obtain information on this from Russia), James Carr (of Clerkenwell), John Carr (of York), John Carter, Sir William Chambers, Thomas Chawner, Samuel Pepys Cockerell, Placido Columbani, Kenton Couse, John Crunden, Thomas Cubitt, Thomas Cundy the Elder and Younger, George Dance the Younger, James Defferd (of Bangor), George Draper (of Chichester).

Francis Edwards, Richard Edwin, Archibald Elliott the Younger, Richard Elsam (of Dover), Henry Emlyn, James Essex, William Farrell (of Dublin), John Foulston, Charles Fowler, James Gandon, Joseph Michael Gandy, George Gibson, James Gillespie Graham, Edward Gifford or Gyfford, Henry Hakewell, Thomas Hardwick the Younger, Thomas Harrison, Edward Haycock, Samuel Hayes (of Wicklow), Henry Holland, Thomas Hopper, Aaron Henry Hurst, William Jay (of Savannah), John Johnson, Francis Johnston (of Dublin), John Johnston (of Rio de Janeiro), Joseph Kay, Richard Payne Knight, Edward Lapidge, David Laing, Benjamin Henry Latrobe, Thomas Leverton, James Lewis, John Meadows, James Medland, Robert Mitchell, Robert Mylne, Alexander Nasmyth (of Edinburgh), Peter Nicholson, Michael Novosielski, John Buonarotti Pap worth, Joseph Patience the Younger, John Paterson, William Pilkington, John Plaw, James Playfair, William Fuller Pocock, William Porden, John Powning (of Exeter).

John Raffield, John Biagio Rebecca, Humphry Repton, Henry Rhodes, George Richardson, John Roberts (of Waterford), William Robertson (of Waterford), Peter Frederick Robinson, Samuel Robinson, Paul Sandby, Francis Sandys, Samuel Saxon, Michael Searles, Archibald Simpson (of Aberdeen), Charles C. Smith (of Warwick), Sir Robert Smirke, David Stephenson, Francis Stone (of Norwich), John Tasker, Charles Heathcote Tatham, James Taylor, Sir Robert Taylor, Thomas Taylor (of Leeds), Mark Graystone Thompson, W. Tierney Clarke, William Tyler, Charles Watson (of York), — Welland and — Bowden (of Monaghan), William Wilkins the Elder and the Younger, Samuel Woolley (of Dublin), Thomas Wright, Benjamin Dean Wyatt, James Wyatt, Lewis Wyatt, Philip Wyatt, Samuel Wyatt, SirJeffry Wyatville, J. Wynne, John Yenn.

3 Mrs Nancy Valpy’s recent researches have brought to light the names of several hitherto unknown makers active for short periods in Eleanor Coade’s early years. Mrs Valpy studied the entries in the Daily Advertiser, an advertising paper which exists in a complete run only in the Library of Congress in Washington. Only odd copies survive in this country. Mrs Valpy’s findings will be published in the English Ceramic Circle Transactions, probably in 1985. I am indebted to her for showing them to me.

I am also indebted to Mr Simon Jervis of the Victoria and Albert Museum for telling me of an article on Coade stone ‘Ueber Herrn Coade’s Lithodipira [sic] oder Kunst Backerstein-Fabrik zu Lambeth in England’ Journal des Luxus und der Moden, 11 (Leipzig, 1787), pp. 171–73. Over five months during 1788, the whole Coade catalogue was printed in the magazine.

4 Gunnis, Rupert, Dictionary of British Sculptors 1660–1840 (1953), Coade entry, pp. 105–09 Google Scholar. Also Croggon (misspelt Croggan) entry pp. 116–17. It should however be said that Gunnis was primarily interested in sculpture rather than architecture.

5 Mrs Coade’s statement in Coade’s Gallery, 1799, the handbook to her exhibition premises at Westminster Bridge (Pedlar’s Acre).

6 The British Library copy (the only one with two plates per page) has a hand-written brown-paper cover which states that it was published in 1777–79. Though some of the plates have these dates, others have no date and show pieces designed after the date of issue of the Coade catalogue in 1784. The book must therefore have been put together from plates made at different times, probably in the later 1780s. It is not known who made the brown paper cover, which has caused confusion. The other two books have no covers or title-pages, but frontispieces of the card of entry to the premises, designed by Bacon.

7 The only copy I have seen is in the British Library.

8 The only copy I have seen is in the Scottish National Library, Ace 5111, Box 12. It has a pencilled date of 1813, which seems likely to be correct.

9 William Croggon was descended in some way from Eleanor Coade’s aunt Frances Enchmarch, who married Walter Oke. A Walter Oke Croggon makes his appearance in the Croggon family, but Mr James Croggon, the present-day historian of the family, of Grampound, tells me that he has not yet worked out W. O. Croggon’s relationship to William Croggon.

10 Public Record Office, C. 111/106.

11 Information from Mr James Croggon.

12 Information from Mr Harry Knott, Director of the firm, in 1977. The firm has now disappeared from the industrial lists.

13 Minet Library, Lambeth, 12/64. Card of admission to the sale at Lambeth of Coade stock on 21 July and following days, 1843. Auctioneers Rushworth andjarvis, Savile Row, Regent Street.

14 British Museum Add. MS41133. Gunnis (op. cit.) gives the story.

15 This is one of the dated plates.

16 Gunnis, op. cit. The 1799 list mentions ‘vases on the parapet and Royal Arms’. There is a Royal Arms in the basement, but it is dated 1831 (information from Mr F. J. Collins), so the George III example must have been removed.

17 Hertfordshire Record Office, Grimston MSS, account book XI 71.

18 I have found extensive references to it only in Margaret Whinney, Home House (1969).

19 Whinney, op. cit.

20 Illustrated in Georgian Society of Dublin, 11 (1910); also Country Life, 13 July 1978, p. 2126, fig. 2.

21 Vol. 44, 104–06.

22 Photocopy of the bill, paid 12 July 1779, kindly supplied by Mr John Hardy, Victoria and Albert Museum.

23 Information from Mr David Learmont, Scottish National Trust.

24 McCarthy, Michael, ‘The Rebuilding of Stowe House 1770–1777’, The Huntington Library Quarterly, May 1973 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

25 Croggon’s Order Book, May and June 1816.

26 McWilliam, Colin, The Buildings of Scotland: Lothian (1978), p. 224 Google Scholar. The fact that the plaques are Coade stone is not mentioned.

27 In the Scottish National Monuments Record and shown to me by Miss Cruft.

28 Fleming, John, Robert Adam and his Circle (1962), p. 258 Google Scholar.

29 Description of the Grand Model of Neptune giving up the Body of Nelson … to Britannia. No date, but probably 1813. Scottish National Library Ace. 5111 Box 12.

30 Croggon’s Day Book, December 1818. The cost was £154 17s. 6d.

31 Seen. 29.

32 The gilding was added after 1945 in memory of Naval chaplains killed in the war. Information from the Rev. David Evans, Chaplain to the Royal Naval College, in 1979.

33 As the inscription on one of them states.

34 Kindly shown to me by the Rev. David Evans in 1979.

35 Kelly, Alison, ‘A Camouflage Queen by the River — Mrs Coade at Greenwich’, Country Life, 25 January 1979 Google Scholar.

36 Croggon Day Book, July 1814.

37 Dale, Antony, James Wyatt (1956)Google Scholar, Frontispiece.

38 The house was Gothicized in 1776–77. Small crocketed Coade pinnacles stand on the corners of gables, and there are a few Coade stone Gothic flowers and a rather flat coat of arms. A print of 1778 shows that the pinnacles originally stood on cornices, and that the present battlements (not of Coade stone) are later.

39 The font for Milton Abbey Church is described in Coade’s Gallery (1799). See below (Debden and St George’s Chapel). It has been removed and its present whereabouts is unknown.

40 1799 list.

41 1799 list.

42 Monthly Magazine (1799), p. 904.

43 1799 list.

44 Coade’s Gallery (1799).

45 Kelly, Alison, ‘Coade stone in National Trust houses’, National Trust Studies 1980, plates 19, 20 Google Scholar.

46 Coade Letter Book, PRO C.111/106, September 1813, p. 7.

47 Colvin, op. cit., p. 949, mentions work in the grounds of Croome 1794–1801. 1799 list.

48 1799 list and further information supplied by Lady Ridley.

49 Harris, John and Pevsner, Nikolaus, The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire (1964), p. 200 Google Scholar.

50 Turnor, Reginald, James Wyatt (1950), plate on p. 74 Google Scholar.

51 Antony Dale, op. cit., p. 33.

52 Antony Dale, op. cit. p. 164.

53 About 1960. Information from the present Earl of Pembroke.

54 Antony Dale, op. cit. p. 52.

55 Gunnis, op. cit.

56 Coade Letter Book, 7 January 1813, p. 1.

57 Christopher Hussey, Mid-Georgian (1963), plates 322, 323.

58 Neale’s Views of Seats, v (second series, 1829).

59 Robinson, J. M., ‘Holkham’, Country Life, 21 November 1974 Google Scholar.

60 1799 list.

61 1799 list.

62 1799 list.

63 Pevsner, Nikolaus, The Buildings of England: Staffordshire (1974), p. 237 Google Scholar.

64 It is not shown in the painting of this part of the gardens by F. T. Dall 1769, at the house.

65 The 1799 list mentions Arms, Statues etc. at the Trinity Houses at Water Lane, Tower Street and Tower Hill.

66 1799 list.

67 I am told by the librarian that they will be re-used.

68 Mr Douglas Hague, of the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments, informs me that a Coade coat of arms survives at Penrhyn Castle, in Hopper’s reconstruction.

69 G. Jackson-Stops in an article on Broadlands, Country Life, 18 December 1980, attributes the extension of the Orangery to Holland. Stroud, Dorothy, Capability Brown (1975), p. 138 Google Scholar, attributes it to Brown.

70 Survey of London, xx (1940), chapter 8, Trafalgar Square.

71 As well as the list of commissions frequently referred to here, Coade’s Gallery includes a considerable amount of text which is worth study.

72 Plates of the house and Debden Church are in a folio folder entitled Mint Portfolio in Essex County Record Office.

73 Neale’s Views of Seats, 1 (1818), says that ‘the font presented also by Mr. Chiswell was executed at Coade’s artificial stone manufactory in 1786 from designs by R. Holland’.

74 Accompanied by a long and eulogistic description in Coade’s Gallery. The Milton Abbey and Windsor fonts are also mentioned.

75 The designs for Bedford Square to which four building agreements of 1776 relate were deposited in the Bedford Estate Office but are now lost. The builders were William Scott, brickmaker, and Robert Grews, carpenter, who could well have produced the designs themselves; they also agreed to lay out the centre of the square under the direction of Robert Palmer, surveyor (see Colvin, p. 614). Leverton seems to have come on the scene relatively late, and in 1797 stated that he ‘had a principal concern in promoting the finishing of Bedford Square, and built among other houses in it that of the Lord Chancellor besides several on my own account, in one of which I now reside’. (Ex inf. Frank Kelsall.)

76 Essex County Record Office, Q/S Bb 348/1.

77 Johnson, John, Plans, Sections and Perspective Elevations of the Essex County Hall at Chelmsford (1808)Google Scholar.

78 Information from Miss Nancy Briggs, Essex County Record Office.

79 Essex County Record Office, Q. Fab66 East Packet 52/1 no. 25 E. P 1787.

80 A full description of the rebuilding with the relevant correspondence, is in Essex Review, xc (July 1931), 100 ff., by the Rev. J. F. Williams.

81 Letter 0131 August 1801, quoted by Williams, op. cit.

82 Williams, op. cit.

83 1799 list.

84 Dell, R. F., Sussex Archaeological Collections, Vol. C, p. 9 Google Scholar, quotes the commission. I am indebted to Mr Brian Austin for the reference.

85 1799 list.

86 Information from Miss Nancy Briggs.

87 Ida Darlington, Bulletin of the Society of the Friends of St. George’s Chapel (1955). Information from Mr F. J. Collins, whose father was a member of the architectural staff of the Chapel early this century, and was familiar with a crack unchanging over many years, which nevertheless alarmed the surveyor.

88 Ida Darlington, op. cit., shows a photograph of 1872 of the font in the Chapel.

89 Ida Darlington, op. cit.

90 Ida Darlington, op. cit.

91 H. Colvin, op. cit., p. 795, points out that the volume is dated 1787, but was not actually published until 1789.

92 Watkin, David, Thomas Hope and the Neo-classical Idea (1968), p. 245 Google Scholar.

93 He was the first, and as far as I have been able to discover, the only English neo-classical architect to use it.

94 ‘Italianische Reise’, entry for 27 March 1787. Quoted in English by Pevsner, Nikolaus, Studies in Art, Architecture and Design, 1 (1968), p. 169 Google Scholar.

95 The inscription has been confirmed for me by the owner, Mr David Pinnegar. I am grateful to Miss Margaret Cunningham for translating it.

96 Haskell, Francis and Penny, Nicholas, Taste and the Antique (1981), pp. 315, 316 Google Scholar.

97 Davis, Terence, John Nash the Prince Regent’s Architect (1966), p. 25 Google Scholar.

98 Richardson, G., New Vitruvius Britannicus (1802)Google Scholar. Summerson, John, The Life and Work of John Nash, Architect (1980), plate 10a Google Scholar.

99 Summerson, op. cit., plate 19b.

100 Information supplied by Mr F. J. Collins.

101 There seems to be some confusion as to whether his name was Hippisley Coxe (Summerson and Croggon) or Coxe Hippisley (Colvin).

102 Croggon Order Book, February 1814.

103 I am grateful to Sir John Summerson for casting light on what at first appeared an incomprehensible order.

104 Croggon Order Book, January 1817.

105 Davis, op. cit., plate 38.

106 Croggon Order Book, July 1815.

107 Croggon Order Book, December 1818.

108 Croggon Order Book, October 1817, June 1818.

109 Gunnis, op. cit., p. 116, Croggon entry.

110 Colvin, H. M., Crook, J. M. and Port, M. H., History of the King’s Works, vi (1973), 271 Google Scholar, 282, 283, 300, 301.

111 History of the King’s Works, vi, 300.

112 Smith, H. Clifford, Buckingham Palace (1931), p. 65 Google Scholar.

113 Blashfield catalogue c. 1855m the Victoria and Albert Museum Library. Also in the Library is his An Account of the History and Manufacture of Ancient and Modern Terracotta and its use in Architecture as a durable and elegant Material for Decoration (1855), in which he praised Coade stone and remarked of Buckingham Palace that ‘in making the recent alterations it was found that the only works which had stood the test of frost, sun and rain were these terracottas’.

114 Clifford Smith, op. cit., p. 64.

115 Bellaigue, G. de, Harris, J. and Millar, O., Buckingham Palace (1968), p. 79 Google Scholar.

116 Royal Archives, Windsor 26736.

117 Information from the Comptroller of the Queen Mother’s Household, who kindly instituted a search for me.

118 Stroud, Dorothy, The Architecture of Sir John Soane (1961), p. 32 Google Scholar, plate 17. Pierre de la Ruffinière du Prey has recently pointed out (John Soane, the Making of an Architect) that Soane’s first dated buildings, in Adams Place, Southwark, 1780–82, had a cornice of swags and bucrania shown in a Coade engraving of 1778. No. 186 in the Coade catalogue, its cost 12s. per foot.

119 Stroud, op. cit., p. 32 plate 22.

120 Stroud, op. cit., p. 32 plates 23, 25.

121 Stroud, op. cit., gives the date of Cuffnells as 1794 (p. 160).

122 Stroud, op. cit., p. 35, plate 55.

123 Information from MrJ. A. H. Kingswell.

124 Information from the Curator of the Bank of England.

125 Information from the Curator of the Bank of England. Stroud, op. cit., plate 74.

126 Stroud, op. cit., plate 143. The drawing for it is in Drawer in 4, in Sir John Soane’s Museum.

127 Stroud, op. cit., p. no.

128 Gunnis, op. cit., Croggon entry.

129 Gunnis, op. cit., Croggon entry.

130 Stroud, op. cit., plate 216.

131 Stroud, op. cit., p. 134.

132 Stroud, op. cit., p. 132.

133 Croggon Order Book, July 1819, ‘Downing College Cambridge for Mr Wilkins 14 flat pilasters 16ft. 101/4 ins. projection, same imitation of giallo antique as Covent Garden’. Smirke’s Covent Garden was of 1809–10, while Croggon did not begin to make scagliola until 1818, so the reference must be to colour only.

134 Croggon Day Book, February 1821, ‘Lord Dunmore, ordered by Mr Wilkins, Dunmore Castle, Falkirk, Ireland [sic], 4 columns, 4 pilasters giallo antico … £249. 5. 0.’ This included transport and erection.

135 The orders for Dalmeny begin on October 1815 and continue for about two years, in Croggon’s Order and Day Books. They are too detailed and extensive for inclusion here.

136 Information from the late Dowager Countess of Rosebery.

137 Croggon Day Book, June 1818, ‘Six statues £302. 17. 6. Britania [sic] £892’. Wreaths and an olive branch in copper came to £34 11s. 6d.

138 Information from Mr Brian Austin.

139 Information from Mr Robert Breakell, who climbed the column.