^{page 32 note a} Mr. Stothard also intended to have included in his work all the knightly effigies in the Temple church. Those he omitted will be given by the Messrs. Hollis.

^{page 33 note a} See the note on Fret-work towards the close of this paper.

^{page 34 note b} Nichols's Royal and Noble Wills. Nicolas's Testamenta Vetusta.

^{page 34 note c} Ibid.

^{page 34 note d} Also in Shaw's “Dresses and Decorations of the Middle Ages,” 1840, Part 5.

^{page 34 note e} P. 213.

^{page 35 note f} Still more perfectly, since this Paper was written, in Shaw's “Dresses and Decorations of the Middle Ages.”

^{page 36 note g} Register of the Order of the Garter, vol. i. p. 112; and also in p. 110. Anstis was here writing of collars, and he did not sufficiently bear in mind that the badge, stigma, mark, sign, or cognizance was another thing. He followed the verses under Hollar's print, in which it is erroneously said, “Pendulus est albus cervus,” &c. Anstis, in turn, is followed by Mr. Beltz, who states that the White Hart was “pendent from a collar,” in his Notices of Collars of the King's Livery, Retrospective Review, new series, vol. ii. p. 501.

^{page 37 note h} In reference to this subject, see a paper by the present writer in the Gentleman's Magazine for Nov. 1840, vol. xiv. p. 489, relative to a picture in the Duke of Devonshire's villa at Chiswick, which was assigned by Walpole to Van Eyck, and supposed to represent the family of Lord de Clifford, but regarding which, Mr. Waagen has pronounced that “Jan Van Eyck is quite out of the question,” and which is shown (ubi supra) to be the portraits of Sir John Donne and his wife Elizabeth, sister to Lord Hastings, temp. Edw. IV. They wear the collar of that King's livery, formed of alternate roses and suns, with a white lion sejant as a pendant.

^{page 37 note i} “The bagens that he [the King] beareth by the Faire Maide of Kent, is a Whyte Hynde.” Collectanea Top. et Geneal. vol. iii. p. 55, from MS. Harl. 4632, written in the time of Henry VIII.; but the same MS. attributes the White Hind to Queen Philippa (Ibid. p. 53.), and so does the MS. L. 14, in Coll. Arm. f. 27, b.

^{page 37 note k} In Sandford's Genealogical History, 1677, p. 124, will be seen the seal of Thomas de Holand, Earl of Kent, where his shield is suspended from the neck of a Hind, lodged or seated, and collared with a coronet.

^{page 38 note l} The devise of “le Cerf volant, couronné d'or au col,” had been adopted ten years before, viz. in 1380, by Charles VI. of France, according to his historian, Juvenal des Ursins; who connects it with a legendary story of the collar having been placed upon the Hart in its youth by Julius Cæsar; which legend is also related by Upton and by him located in Windsor Forest, at the stone called Besaunteston near Bagshot. (Nic. Upton de Studio Militari, 1654, p. 159.) The same legendary beast was adopted as a supporter by the family of Pompei in Italy in token of their allegiance to the Emperor, with the initials N. M. T. alluding to the inscription on the collar of the original Hart, Nemo Me Tangat, Cæsaris svm. (Anstis, Register of the Garter, i. 113, from Menestrier, Ornem. des Armes, p. 118.) Froissart ascribes the origin of the flying hart of Charles VI. to a dream of the king, the story of which occupies his civth chapter. It was represented winged, as it appears in the engraved title of the Compendium Roberti Gaguini super Francorum Gestis. Paris, fol. 1504.

^{page 38 note m} See Rymer's Fœdera, edit. 1740, vol. III. part iii. p. 140.

^{page 38 note n} Anstis, i. 14.

^{page 39 note *} A pun, as presumed, on the name of Sir John Bushy, one of Richard's favourites.

^{page 40 note o} A very curious instance of the Device of the Hart lodged within a paling occurs on a piece of sculpture recently sent from Venice to Henry Howard, esq. of Corby, an Account of which will be found in the present volume of Archæologia.

^{page 40 note p} Collectanea Top. et Geneal. iii. 55.

^{page 40 note q} As Anstis does, i. 113.

^{page 40 note r} MS. Harl. 2259, quoted by Willement.

^{page 41 note s} See particularly in the notes to Anstis, p. 113, et seq. several curious extracts from records relative to the making and presenting of the cognisance to various persons both at home and abroad; and Willement's Regal Heraldry, p. 20. In the third volume of the Ancient Kalendars and Inventories of the Treasury of the Exchequer (published by the Record Commission, 1836), among the Jewels, Plate, &c. in the hands of the Crown in the 1st Hen. IV. formerly belonging to King Richard, &c. will be found at p. 356, “un Cerf couchant southe un arbre, les cornes et l'arbre appairaillez de xxvij perles, poisant vii unc.” A golden reindeer was of the same weight, ornamented with a sapphire and pearls. Before, at p. 328, is a cup (hanape), the cover of which was of silver gilt, with pinnacles and turrets, and surrounded by White Harts and other beasts, lying on a green stage; and at p. 350, a large spice plate, curiosement arraiez, having a cover bearing a Hart, richly adorned with stones and pearls, and its foot garnished with leopards and damsels. This was made at Paris by Assyn de Bellon.

^{page 41 note t} Anstis, i. 115.

^{page 41 note u} On this point Camden had previously left his opinion, expressed with remarkable earnestness and decision: when speaking of “Cognomina, or Sobriquetts, as the French call them, and By-names, or Nick-names, as we term them (if that word be indifferent to good and bad) which still did die with the bearer, and never descended to posterity ….. So, in the house of Anjou, which obtained the crown of England, Geffrey the first Earl of Anjou was surnamed Grisogonel, that is Gray-cloake; Fulco, his son, Nerra; his grandchild Rechin, for his extortion. Again his grandchild Plantagenet, for that he wore commonly a broome-stalke in his bonnet…… So that, whereas these names were never taken up by the sons, I know not why any should think Plantagenet to be the surname of the Royall House of England, albeit in late years many have so accounted it. Neither is it less strange, why so many should thinke Theodore, or Tydur, as they contract it, to be the surname of the Princes of this Realme since King Henry the Seventh; for, &c.…… To seek therefore the ancient surnames of the Royall and most ancient families of Europe, is to seek that which never was.” Camden's Remaines, chapter on Surnames.

^{page 42 note x} It is given to William Duke of Normandy, who died in 948; to a son of King Stephen, and a son of the Empress Maud. It is further remarkable that all of these were named William.

^{page 42 note y} Recueil des Historiens des Gaules, vol. xiv. p. 14.

^{page 42 note z} Ibid. xii. 432,438. The latter passage is as follows: Gaufredus cognomento Plantagenest, de Mathilde genuit Henricum regem, Guillermum cognomento la Maspa, et Gaufredum.”

^{page 42 note a} Ibid. pp. 471, 474; at the former of which pages the same parties are described as “Henricum qui postea fuit rex Angliæ, et Guillelmum Longam-Spatam, et Gaufridum Plantagenest”

^{page 42 note b} Ibid. p. 534 et seq.

^{page 42 note c} This error (if such it be) runs through the best modern historians. Lord Lyttelton and Henry both commence with the words Henry Plantagenet; and Rapin prefixes to the reign the title, “Henry II. Sirnam'd Plantagenet.” Though not adopted by Hume, nor by Mr. Sharon Turner, it is by Dr. Lingard. It was not, however, committed by Holinshed, or Speed, or Stowe, or Sir Richard Baker; and in Milles's Catalogue of Honour, fol. 1610, and Ralph Brooke's Catalogue of the Kings, &c. fol. 1619, he is more correctly “sur-named Short-mantle.” Sandford falls into it throughout, but not so Dugdale, unless by occasional inadvertence, and the Dukes of York are even indexed under the name of Coningsburgh. It may here be remarked, that the natural brother of King Henry, the progenitor of the second race of the Earls Warren, is also generally called Hameline Plantagenet, but equally without sufficient authority; as Watson, in his Memoirs of the Earls of Warren, quotes no contemporary document concerning him in which he is styled otherwise than Hameline Earl of Warren. With the like want of authority some authors (following Godwin) have given the name of Plantagenet to Geoffrey bastard son of Henry II. bishop elect of Lincoln and afterwards archbishop of York.

^{page 43 note d} Bromton, after recording the death of Henry II. states that his body was so deserted and robbed during the confusion and license that usually took place on such occasions, “ut diu nudum jaceret, donec puer quidam inferiores corporis partes pallio brevi contegeret. Et tune videbatur cognomen ejus adimpletum, quo ab infantia vocabatur Henricus Curtmantell, nam iste primus omnium curta mantella ab Andegavia in Angliam transvexit.” The same statements are repeated by Knyghton. (Twysden, Decem Scriptores, cols. 1150, 2400.)

^{page 43 note e} This name affords another instance of the same Christian name being repeatedly connected with the same cognomen or soubriquet. The father of Fulke IV. (Rechin) Count of Anjou, and his son, the uncle of Geoffrey Plantagenest, were both Geoffrey Martel.

^{page 43 note f} Genealogical History, 1677, p. 73.

^{page 43 note g} The cognomen of Richard the First, Coeur de Lion, is better known than almost any of these distinctions. But perhaps it was not applied to him until after his death.

^{page 43 note h} The seal in question is not that engraved in the new edition of Rymer's Fœdera, where the helmet is perfectly plain; but Richard's second seal. The crest is very remarkable, being a lion or leopard, encircled by a radius of lines as mentioned in the text. “Quant à moi, j'y verrois tout au plus des brins de baleine, si ce n'est même des piquants de fer, attendu la roideur et l'arrangement symétrique de ce singulier ornement.” Dissertation sur les Sceaux de Richard-Cœur-de-Lion, par Achille Deville. 4to, 1828, p. 16.

^{page 44 note i} Thus—“Edward his first begoten son Prince of Wales, William Hatfeld second begoten, Leonell [it is not added “of Antwerp,”] third begoten Duc of Clarence, John of Gaunte fourthe begoten Due of Lancastre, Edmond Langley fyft goten Duc of York, Thomas Wodestok sixt goten Duc of Gloucestre, and William Wyndesore the seventh goten;” then, after tracing the family of Mortimer,—” the seid Anne, under the sacrament of matrymony copied unto Richard Erle of Cambrigge, the son of the seid Edmond Langley, had issue and lefully bare Richard Plantaginet commonly called Duc of York.” The name Richard Plantaginet, sometimes with the title of Duke of York, and sometimes without, is frequently repeated in subsequent parts of the same document. See Rot. Parl. vol. v. pp. 375, 377, 378. It may be remarked that no other surname is elsewhere assigned to the Duke of York, nor does the place of his birth appear to be recorded; whilst his father was called Richard of Coningsburgh: in the proceedings relative to his attainder he is styled “Ricardus Comes Cantebrigg’ de Conesburgh in com’ Ebor’ Chivaler;” see Rot. Parl. vol. iv. p. 64.

^{page 44 note j} This is with reference to the creation of Edward Earl of Salisbury, the son of Richard Duke of Gloucester (afterwards Richard III.), who is called “our dear nephew, Edward Plantagenet.”—Rot. Pat. 17 Edw. IV. p. 2, m. 16, printed in Appendix V. to the Peerage Reports, p. 413.

^{page 44 note k} This genet (which was introduced as alluding, or heraldically canting, on the name,) is described by Favyn as an animal nearly resembling the polecat, and approaching in size to the cats of Spain. It will be seen represented in his work, p. 514, where he gives an account of an Order of the Genette, said to have been founded by Charles Martel in the year 726.

^{page 44 note l} So blazoned by Sandford. The garter-plate of Arthur Viscount Lisle remains at Windsor, where the genet stands on a chapeau marked with a great in the front, and the broom-plants rise behind.

^{page 45 note m} It may be noticed, in further proof of the more correct ideas formerly prevailing on this subject, that Sam. Daniel, in his long poem on the Civil War, never introduces the high-sounding name of Plantagenet,—except in a note, where he states correctly that Richard Earl of Cambridge “had issue by Anne, Richard (surnamed Plantagenet) after Duke of York.” And so Shakspere in the Third Part of King Henry VI. though he uses the name continually, still confines it personally to “Plantagenet, Duke of York.”

^{page 45 note n} Le Theatre d'Honneur et de Chevalerie, ou Histoire des Ordres Militaires. Par André Favyn. 4to. Paris, 1620, p. 583.

^{page 45 note o} Ibid. p. 586.

^{page 46 note p} The following is the description at length of the collar to be made for King Richard: “l'un partit au Collier du Roy, pour le Roy d'Angleterre, cest a scavoir iceluy Collier fait en facdn de deux gros tuyaux ronds, et entre ieeux tuyaux Cosse de Geneste double entretenans par les queues, et autour d'icellui sur les cosses fait neuf potences, autour chacune de neuf grosses perles, et l'entre deux d'icelles potences autour du dit Collier a cinquante lettres d'or pendant a l'un d'iceux tuyaux, qui font par dix fois le mot du Roy, IAMES, et au devant d'icelui Collier, à un gros balay quarré, environné de huit grosses perles, pereilles aux perles du Collier du Roy, et au deniere a deux cosses en forme de genestes, ouvertes, emaillées, l'un de blanche, l'autre de vert, et a dedans chacune l'icelles cosses trois grosses perles, et les dits tuyaux poinsonnéz de branches, fleurs, et cosses de geneste.” (Quoted by Anstis from Hist, des Ordres Religieux, viii. 278.) This description agrees with the collar worn by a herald standing by the side of Charles VI. in a picture seen by Menestrier at Ingolstad, and described by him in his Art de Blason, Lyon 1671, 12mo. p. 97; but it is wholly different from the collar given for the order de la Cosse de Geneste, by Favyn, and of course by his English copyists, Ashmole, Hugh Clark, &c. Their collar is composed of fleurs-de-lis in lozenges, and broom-flowers alternately, and Ashmole, in fact, calls it the order of the Broom-flower; but cosse is the same with the modern orthography gousse, and signifies cod. It may be remarked that a large majority of the collars represented for those of the ancient chivalric orders, are equally valueless, being designed from the draughtsman's own notions (as historical portraits used to be), not derived from any contemporary authority.

At Poissi was still preserved in the time of Menestrier, a pall semé of broom, with the motto James: “A Poissi on conserve encore dans le Monastere des Religieuses de l'Ordre de S. Dominique un Poële à mettre sur le tombeau de Madame Marie de France sœur du Roy, qui est semé de plantes de genest, avec ce mot en lettres Gothiques James.” La Devise du Roy Justifiée, 4to. 1679, p. 75.

^{page 46 note q} “— j. coler d'or du livere du Roi de Franceye ove i. bone baleys quarré perentre bones perles rondes ove vi. autres bones perles einz deux cos de jenestres, pois’ xiii. unc. i. quart.'— Un colare del livere du Roi de Fraunce, cont’ ix. overages de genestes garnisez de iiii. baleys, iii. saphirs, xxvi. perles, poisant vi unc. et di.—Item, un coler d'or de mesme la livere plein, pois’ ii. unc. et di.” Ancient Kalendars and Inventories of the Treasury of the Exchequer, iii. 354, 357.

^{page 47 note r} Parl. Rolls, vol. iv. pp. 220. 225.

^{page 47 note t} See the quotations in Anstis, vol. i. p. 116.

^{page 47 note u} In the curious vellum folio of heraldry, prepared for the use of Arthur Prince of Wales, and now the MS. Vincent 152 in the College of Arms, at f. 51, is a banner ascribed to Edward III., Party per pale, the dexter side Azure, semé of fleurs-de-lis, and in the centre this badge of golden rays rising from clouds; the sinister Gules, an ostrich feather argent, crowned or, fixed in a scroll inscribed ibic Dien.

^{page 47 note v} Mr. Webb, in Archæologia, vol. xx. p. 106.

^{page 47 note w} In Prince Arthur's book, the same page as above, King Richard's banner is Party of the two cognizances, the Sun in splendour and the White Hart. Among his plate was a basin adorned at the bottom with a sun, and the arms of the King and Queen; and a cup, with a cover engraved “en manere de la solaille.” Inv. of the Exchequer, iii. 322, 327.

^{page 48 note x} Here, again, he appears to have followed the example of the contemporary French monarch, for it is stated that this same badge was taken by Charles VI. on his marriage with Isabel of Bavaria, in 1385.—Willement, p. 18, quoting MS. Cotton, Nero, D. II. f. 483 b; and Menestrier, Devise du Roy justifiée, p. 75: “Charles VII. fit la Devise d'un ray de Soleil, comme son pere, qui l'a prit en son mariage avec Isabeau de Baviere, comme Froissart a remarqué, et il y ajouta un S. Michel, comme on void en de vielles Tapisseries de ce temps-là.”

^{page 49 note y} The Ostrich is drawn in the same manner, as the badge of Queen Anne, in a MS. of about Camden's time, L. 14. Coll. Arm. f. 27 b.

^{page 50 note z} “His crest of three ostrich feathers, and his motto, Ich dien (I serve), were adopted by the Prince of Wales, and are still those used by the Heir Apparent of England.”—Keightley, Hist, of England, i. 217. And such is the ordinary statement.

^{page 50 note a} See engravings in La Genealogie des Comtes de Flandre, par Olivier de Vrée, fol. 1642, pp.63–67.

^{page 50 note b} Before, p. 34.

^{page 51 note c} It occurs on the seal of one of them,—Thomas Duke of Gloncester. Much information on the subject of the Ostrich feather, which was a favourite badge with many junior branches of the royal house, will be found in Willement's Heraldic Notices of Canterbury Cathedral, pp. 45–49 see also Collectanea Topog. et Geneal. vol. iii. p. 58.

^{page 51 note d} Two collars (or rather one and pieces of another) are described, as follows:—”Item, i. coler de la livere la Roigne, que Deux assoille, ove un Ostriche, vii. grosses perles et xxxv. autres plus petits perles, pois’ vii. unc. Item, ix. overages d'or d'un coler du livere de la Royne Anne, de braunches de rose maryn, garnisez de perles, sanz peres, pois’ vi. unc. iii. quart',” (P. 357). I conclude that there was but one pattern of collar; that it was formed of branches of Rosemary, and that the pendant was an Ostrich, which in the second instance was deficient.

^{page 51 note e} “Item, i. autre hanape appelle Gryppeshey, le hanape et le coverecle d'un sort, ove deux peez d'argent ennorez et en les founcez dedeins le ditz hanape et coverecle steiantz deux Ostriches blanks, steant sur au vert terage, coronez, et sur le summet les armes du Roy, pois'v. lb. iiii. unc'.” Ibid. p. 331.

^{page 52 note f} Anstis, i. 115, from Comp. Joh. Macclesfield, Custodis Magnæ Garderob. anno 22 Rich. II.

^{page 52 note g} A memorandum of the delivery of these indentures into the receipt of the Exchequer on the 18th Aug. after their execution, has been printed in the Kalendars, &c. of the Exchequer, vol. ii. p. 50. See also in Devon's Extracts from the Issue Rolls, 1837, pp. 258, 264, 284, various payments to the masons engaged on the tomb, and at p. 262 a payment for painting the canopy.

^{page 52 note h} It was formerly stated that it was erected by Henry the Fifth, when Richard's body was removed to Westminster Abbey by that high-spirited prince.

^{page 53 note i} On the Queen's seal (engraved in Sandford's Genealogical History) her arms are quarterly, a spread eagle, and a double-tailed lion, crowned. On the tomb of Archbishop Simon de Langham at Westminster, the arms of Richard and his Queen are found impaled; the Spread Eagle is here single-headed. On the brass of Sir Simon Felbrigge, at Felbrigge, who married a kinswoman and maid of honour of Queen Anne, the Eagle is double-headed. The Hart lodged occurs as an ornament of this memorial. Cotman's Norfolk Brasses, XV.

^{page 53 note j} On turning over the plates of Stothard's Monumental Effigies, other instances of armorial charges, borne fretwise, will be seen in the four following instances (all in Westminster Abbey):

1269. Aveline, Countess of Lancaster: her upper pillow the three leopards of England and the lion rampant of Rivers alternately; on her lower pillow the cross-vaire of Albemarle.

1272. King Henry III. on his boots and his pillow, a single leopard (in each lozenge).

1296. Edmund, Earl of Lancaster; on his surcoat a spread-eagle, and an ornamental flower alternately; his pillow like the Countess Aveline's.

1304. William de Valence, Earl of Pembroke. This example resembles most nearly that of King Richard: the bed below his effigy being formed of plates, enamelled fretwise with the arms of England and Valence.

About 1360. The whole of the gown, and both pillows, of the lady of Sir Roger de Bois, at Ingham, in Norfolk, appear to have been ornamented in this way, though imperfectly represented in the plate, which is one of those engraved after Stothard's death.

To these may be added the following continental examples, mentioned to me by Mr. Way:

1353. Agnez, wife of Jean sire de Honecourt; at Orcamp Abbey.

1396. Marie de Chastillon, wife of Simon count of Roucy; at S. Yved de Braine. The dresses of these ladies are wholly wrought with their own bearings and their husbands, in alternate lozenges.

One of the most beautiful existing specimens of fret-work is an enamelled casket of copper-gilt, adorned with the arms of England, Valence, Angoulême, Dreux, Brabant, and Holland, engraved in Shaw's Specimens of Ancient Furniture, plate LXII.

^{page 54 note k} On the effigy of Edward the Third (also of brass) in Westminster Abbey, the ornaments of the robes are represented by engraving in lines. See portions at large in Stothard's plates.

^{page 55 note l} “The whole work has been painted, gilded, and enamelled in the most curious and delicate manner. On the back of the Chair are the lower lines of a King seated on a throne, with diapered hangings, &c. * * *. The lines expressing the figure, diapering, &c. are formed by small punctures made on a gold ground.” See in Carter's Ancient Architecture, vol. ii. pl. vi. representations of various fragments of the ornaments of the Coronation Chair, as existing in the year 1807.

^{page 55 note m} See various articles of plate pounsonez in the catalogue of the royal Jewels, &c. in 11 Hen. VI. Rot. Parl. iv. 217.—” Le pied d'une Croix d'argent doré, poinçonné à la devise du Roy.” Inventaire des meubles de la Chapelle du Roy, quoted by Menestrier in La Devise du Roy Justifiée, p. 75.

^{page 55 note n} In the inventory of Sir John Fastolfe's effects, 1459, occur “xij flatte peces (of plate) pounsed in the bottom.” (Archæol. xxi. 242.) So late as the time of Cardinal Wolsey, we find the term applied to plate: “v boollis (bowls) of silvar pounsid, parcells-gilte,” and”vj new greate gilte boolls withe martlitts pounsid, made with birdes.” (Inventory of Cardinal Wolsey's Plate, &c. in Gutch's Collectanea Curiosa, vol. ii. p. 288.)

^{page 55 note o} Introduction, p, xxxii.

^{page 57 note p} Register of the Order of the Garter, p, 114.

^{page 57 note q} Vol. ii. p. 44.

^{page 58 note r} Sep. Mon. i. 163.

^{page 58 note s} Neale and Brayley's Westminster Abbey, ii. 108.

^{page 58 note t} Mr. Hollis exhibited a drawing of the Effigies, on a large size, being nearly half the scale of the originals.