Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T08:06:18.987Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Detoxification of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas fed on diets of Skeletonema costatum with and without silt, following PSP contamination by Alexandrium minutum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 February 2008

Marielle Guéguen
Affiliation:
Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France
Michèle Bardouil
Affiliation:
Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France
Régis Baron
Affiliation:
Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France
Patrick Lassus
Affiliation:
Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France
Philippe Truquet
Affiliation:
Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France
Julie Massardier
Affiliation:
Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France
Zouher Amzil
Affiliation:
Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France
Get access

Abstract

Contamination of shellfish by paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins poses an economic threat to shellfish farmers. As contaminated shellfish cannot be harvested for long periods of time, it would be very useful to develop processes to optimise and shorten their detoxification. In this study, Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas were first experimentally contaminated over a period of 13 days with a continuous flow of toxic Alexandrium minutum cultures at concentrations ranging from 150 to 200 cell ml-1 (toxin content after 13 days of contamination 438 $\mu $g STX equiv. 100 g−1 wet weight). Then, two different detoxification treatments were tested and showed detoxification rates greater than those observed in coastal environments. The first treatment consisted of feeding oysters on Skeletonema costatum, at a concentration of 2000 cell ml−1 to speed up detoxification rates. The second detoxification method used the same Skeletonema costatum diet, supplemented with silt particles at a concentration of 20 mg L−1. A control was also set up by placing contaminated oysters in seawater with no additional algal food. The detoxification experiment lasted 8 days. Toxin contents were analysed by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FD). The S. costatum diet significantly reduced the time needed for oysters to reach the sanitary threshold (80 $\mu $g STX equiv. 100 g−1 wet weight), but no effect of the silt supplement could be demonstrated conclusively. These different detoxification methods did not influence toxin biotransformations as observed in oyster tissues, i.e. epimerisation and decarbamoylation of gonyautoxins 2 and 3.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD, 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Artigas, M.L., Vale, P.J.V., Gomes, S.S., Botehlo, M.J., Rodrigues, S.M., Amorin, A., 2007, Profiles of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish from Portugal explained by carbamoylase activity. J. Chromatogr. A 1160, 99-105 CrossRef
Bardouil, M., Bohec, M., Cormerais, M., Bougrier, S., Lassus, P., 1993, Experimental study of the effects of a toxic microalgal diet on feeding of the oyster Crassostrea gigas Thunberg. J. Shellfish Res. 12, 417-422.
Blanco, J., Moroño, A., Franco, J., Reyero, M.I., 1997, PSP detoxification kinetics in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. One- and two-compartment models and the effect of some environmental variables. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 158, 165-175.
Blanco, J., Reyero, M.I., Franco, J., 2003, Kinetics of accumulation and transformation of paralytic shellfish toxins in the blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Toxicon 42, 777-784. CrossRef
Bricelj, V.M., Shumway, S.E, 1998, Paralytic shellfish toxins in bivalve molluscs: occurrence, transfer kinetics, and biotransformation. Fish. Sci. 6, 315-383. CrossRef
Chen, C.Y., Chou, H.N., 2001, Accumulation and depuration of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins by purple clam Hiatula rostrata Lighttoot. Toxicon 39, 1029-1034. CrossRef
Fernandez M.L., Shumway S., Blanco J., 2003, Management of shellfish resources. In: Hallegraeff G.M., Anderson M., Cembella A.D. (Eds.). Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae. IOC Manuals and Guides, UNESCO, pp. 657-692.
Griffiths, R.J., 1980, Natural food availability and assimilation in the bivalve Choromytilus meridionalis. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 3, 151-156. CrossRef
Hawkins, A.J.S, Smith, R.F.M, Bayne, B.L., Héral, M., 1996, Novel observations underlying the fast growth of suspension-feeding shellfish in turbid environments: Mytilus edulis. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 131, 179-190. CrossRef
Ichimi, K., Suzuki, T., Yamasaki, M., 2001, Non-selective retention of PSP toxins by the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis fed with the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense. Toxicon 39, 1917-1921. CrossRef
Kiørboe, T., Møhlenberg, F., 1981, Particle selection in suspension-feeding bivalves. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 5, 291-296. CrossRef
Koroleff C., 1969, Direct determination of ammonia in natural waters as indophenol blue. ICES, CM 9, 4 p.
Laabir, M., Gentien, P., 1999, Survival dinoflagellates after gut passage in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas Thunberg. J. Shellfish Res. 18, 217-222.
Langdon C.J., Newell R.I.E., 1996, Digestion and nutrition in larvae and adults. In: Kennedy V.S., Newell R.I.E., Eble A.F. (Eds.) The eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. Maryland Sea Grant College.
Lassus P., Bardouil M., Baron R., Bérard J.B., Masselin P., Truquet P., Pitrat J.P., 2005, Improving detoxification efficiency of PSP-contaminated oysters (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg). Aquaculture Europe, June 2005.
Lassus, P., Bardouil, M., Masselin, P., Naviner, M., Truquet, P., 2000, Comparative efficiencies of different non-toxic microalgal diets in dtoxification of PSP-contaminated oysters (Crassostreas gigas Thunberg). J. Nat. Toxins 9, 1-12.
Li A.M.Y, Yu P.K.N., Hsieh D.P.H., Wang W.X., Wu R.S.S, Lam P.K.S, 2005, Uptake and depuration of paralytic shellfish toxins in the green-lipped mussel, Perna viridis: a dynamic model. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 24, 129-135.
Masselin P., Amzil Z., Abadie E., Carreras A., Chiantella C., Le Bec C., Nézan E., Truquet P., 2001. Paralytic shellfish poisoning on the French Mediterranean coast in autumn 1998: Alexandrium tamarense complex (Dinophyceae) as causative agent. In: Hallegraeff G.M., Blackburn S.I., Bolch C.J., Lewis R.J. (Eds.). Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae. IOC Manuals and Guides, UNESCO, pp 26-29.
Méléder, V., Barillé-Boyer, A.L., Baud, J.P., Barillé, L., Cognie, B., Rosa, P., 2001, Modélisation de l'affinage de l'huître Crassostrea gigas alimentée avec la diatomée Skeletonema costatum. Aquat. Living Resour. 14, 1-16. CrossRef
Moroño, A., Franco, J., Minanda, M., Reyero, M.I., Blanco, J., 2001, The effect of mussel size, temperature, seston volume, food quality and volume-specific toxin concentration on the uptake rate of PSP toxins by mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 257, 117-132. CrossRef
Oshima, Y., 1995, Postcolumn derivatization liquid chromatographic method for paralytic shellfish poisoning in Tohoku district. J. AOAC Int. 78, 528-532.
Sagou, R., Amanhir, R., Taleb, H., Vale, P., Blaghen, M., Loutfi, M., 2005, Comparative study on differential accumulation of PSP toxins between cockle (Acanthocardia tuberculatum) and sweet clam (Callista chione). Toxicon 46, 612-618. CrossRef
Samsur, M., Yamaguchi, Y., Sagara, T., Takatani, T., Arakawa, O., Noguichi, T., 2006, Accumulation and depuration profiles of PSP toxins in the short-necked clam Tapes japonica fed with the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella. Toxicon 48, 323-330. CrossRef
Silvert W., Bricelj M., Cembella A., 1998, Dynamic modelling of PSP toxicity in the surfclam (Spisula solidissima) multicompartmental kinetics and biotransformation. In: Reguera B., Blanco J., Fernandez M.L, Wyatt T. (Eds.), Harmful Algae, Xunta de Galicia IOC-Unesco, pp. 473-440.
Silvert, W.L., Cembella, A.D., 1995, Dynamic modelling of phycotoxin kinetics in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, with implications for other marine invertebrates. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 52, 521-531. CrossRef
Suzuki T., Ichimi K., Oshima Y., Kamiyama T., 2003, Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin profiles and short-term detoxification kinetics in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis fed with the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense. Harmful Algae 2 , 201-206.
Taleb, H., Vale, P., Jaime, E., Blaghen, M., 2001, Study of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin profile in shellfish from the Mediterranean shore of Morocco. Toxicon 39, 1855-1861. CrossRef
Van Egmond, H.P., Aune, T; Lassus P., Speijers G.J.A, Waldock M., 1993, Paralytic and diarrhoeic shellfish poisons occurrence in Europe toxicity, analysis and regulation. J. Nat. Toxins 2, 41-83.
Yamamoto, T., Flynn, K.J., Takayama, H., 2003, Application of atwo-compartment one-toxin model to predict the toxin accumulation in Pacific oysters in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. Fish. Sci. 69, 944-950. CrossRef