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Five Langobardic Gold Sheet Crosses in the Metropolitan Museum of Art: Problems Concerning Gold Sheet Crosses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2011

Katharine Reynolds Brown
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The Antiquaries Journal , Volume 61 , Issue 2 , September 1981 , pp. 311 - 314
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1981

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References

NOTES

12 Baxter, S. T., ‘On Some Langobardic gold ornaments found in Chiusi,’ Archaeological Journal, xxxiii (1876), 101–10Google Scholar. Catalogue of Etruscan jewelry with some Roman and Langobardic ornaments in the collection of S. T. Baxter (Florence, 1886), p. 17Google Scholar, lists objects ‘found together in 1875 in a tomb near Chiusi’; Paolo Orsi, ‘Di due crocette aure e del Museo di Bologna e di altre simili trovate nell'Italia superiore e centrale,’ Deputazione di Storia Patria per le Provincie di Romagna, Atti e Memorie, 3 serie, vol. 5 (1887), 371Google Scholar; Venturi, A., Storia dell' arteitaliana II (1902), pp. 44, 56 fig. 7, 73 figs. 60-61Google Scholar; Åberg, Nils, Die Goten und Langobarden in Italien (1923), pp. 163–4Google Scholar, ‘find’ listed and described; Fuchs, Sigfried, Die langobardischen Goldblattkreuze aus der Zone siidwdrts der Alpen (1938), pp. 84–5, nos. 117–21 mentioned as in Museo Civico, Chiusi (sic)Google Scholar.

13 Delogu, P., ‘Sulla datazione di alcuni oggetti in metallo prezio dei sepolcreti langobardi in Italia’, Accademia dei Lincei, La Civilita dei Langobardi in Europa, Atti delConvengo Internazionale (Rome, 1974), p. 175Google Scholar.

14 D'Assia, , ‘Discussione’, following Delogu, op. cit., p. 185Google Scholar, notes that the treasure from the Baxter Collection was divided between the Metropolitan Museum and the Museum of National Antiquities at St.-Germain-en-Laye. While the objects of St.-Germain-en-Laye were said to come from Chiusi, it is now thought that they come from Castel Trosino. I am indebted to Francoise Valet for this information.

15 Aberg, , op. cit. (note 12), p. 87Google Scholar; Fuchs, , op. cit. (note 12), p. 27Google Scholar.

16 Åberg, , op. cit. (note 12), pp. 105–8, 111, 116-7Google Scholar; Werner, Joachim, ‘Langobardische Grab-funde aus Reggio Emilia,’ Germania, xxx (1952), 192Google Scholar; Åberg, , op. cit. (note 12)Google Scholar; Weitzmann, Kurt (ed.), Age of Spirituality (New York (Metropolitan Museum of Art), 1979), no. 303Google Scholar.

17 Held in Freiburg in 1974; Hiibener, Wolfgang (ed.), Die Goldblattkreuze des frühen Mittelalters (Alemannischen Instituts, xxxvii) (Freiburg i Br., 1975)Google Scholar.

18 Åberg, , op. cit. (note 12), p. 87Google Scholar; Orsi, , op. cit. (note 12), 400Google Scholar; Hessen, Otto von, ‘Langobar-dische Goldblattkreuze aus Italien,’ Hübener, , op. cit. (note 17), p. 114Google Scholar.

19 von Hessen, ibid.

20 Hübener, , ‘Zusammenfassung’, Hübener, op. cit. (note 17), p. 157Google Scholar.

21 Ibid.

22 Orsi, , op. cit. (note 12), 380Google Scholar.

23 Fuchs, , op. cit. (note 12), p. 17Google Scholar.

24 Orsi, , op. cit. (note 12), 337–40Google Scholar; Fuchs, , op. cit. (note 12), 27Google Scholar.

25 Åberg, , op. cit. (note 12), pp. 88–92Google Scholar.

26 Roth, , ‘Die langobardischen Goldblatt-kreuze’, Hübener, , op. cit. (note 17), p. 31Google Scholar.

27 von Hessen, , ‘Langobardische Goldblatt-kreuze aus Italien’, Hübener, , op. cit. (note 17), 114 ff.Google Scholar; Hübener, , ‘Zusammenfassung,’ Hübener, , op. cit. (note 17), p. 154Google Scholar.

28 Delogu, , op. cit. (note 13), pp. 175–9Google Scholar.

29 Werner, , op. cit. (note 16), 193Google Scholar.

30 Christlein, Rainer, ‘Der soziologische Hintergrund der Goldblattkreuze nordlich der Alpen’, Hübener, , op. cit. (note 17), p. 73Google Scholar.

31 Orsi, , op. cit. (note 12), 412–13Google Scholar.

32 Ibid., 410.

33 Ibid., 409.

34 Fuchs, , op. cit. (note 12), p. 21Google Scholar.

35 Bott, Hans, ‘Neue Zeugnisse langobardischen Einfuhrgute s aus Wiirttemberg’, Germania, xxiii (1939), 44Google Scholar; Hessen, Otto von, ‘Die Goldblechscheiben aus Feldkirchen’, Bayerische Vorgeschichtsbldtter, xxxiii (1968), 113–14Google Scholar.

36 Monumenti Antichi, xii (1902)Google Scholar; Castel Trosino, 25 (1919)Google Scholar; Nocera Umbra.

37 Christlein, , ‘Der soziologische Hintergrund der Goldblattkreuze nordlich der Alpen’, Hübener, , op. cit. (note 17), p. 83Google Scholar.

38 Orsi, , op. cit. (note 12) 410Google Scholar; Foltz, Ernst, ‘Technische Beobachtungen an Goldblatt-kreuzen’, Hübener, , op. cit. (note 17) p. 16Google Scholar.

39 Foltz, Ibid., pp. 16-17.

40 von Hessen, , op. cit. (note 35) p. 110Google Scholar; Christlein, , ‘Der soziologische Hintergrund der Goldblattkreuze nordlich der Alpen’, Hübener, , op. cit. (note 17), p. 73Google Scholar.

41 Hübener, , op. cit. (note 17), pp. 154–5Google Scholar; for an example of such appliqués see Ross, Marvin Chauncey, Arts of the Migration Period in the Walters Art Gallery (Baltimore, 1961), no. 46Google Scholar.

42 Kollautz, Arnulf, ‘Das Registrum Gregorii als Quell e iiber die gesellschaftlich-sozialen und religiosen Zustande des langobardischen Ital-iens zur Zeit Papst Gregors I’, Hübener, , op. cit. (note 17), pp. 98–9Google Scholar.

43 Hübener, , op. cit. (note 17), p. 156Google Scholar.