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Dales Ware: a distinctive Romano-British Cooking-pot

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2011

John P. Gillam
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Extract

The type of cooking-pot considered here is common in northern England, is precisely datable, appears to have been fashionable only for a short period, and has an unmistakable profile. It is thus especially valuable as an index of chronology.

Though there are exceptions, most examples of the type are made in the same kind of fabric. This fabric is hard and coarse, with a smooth but unpolished surface; it is grey, black, or brown in colour. The body of the clay is charged with small fragments of white shell; these have often been dissolved by acids in the soil, leaving the surface pitted with shallow cavities, in the same way that pieces of mineral calcite are dissolved out of similar wares. The fabric thus belongs to the same family of calcite-gritted wares as Knapton ware and as the Huntcliff type of cooking-pot, without being identical with them. Wares of this character, differing from each other markedly in form, but only slightly in fabric, are found in early Iron Age, Roman, and Dark Age horizons, and are widely distributed; they were especially common in the Roman period in what is now Yorkshire, and in the north-east midlands. They did not appear in large numbers on Hadrian's Wall before the fourth century.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Antiquaries Journal , Volume 31 , Issue 3-4 , October 1951 , pp. 154 - 164
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1951

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References

page 154 note 1 I am following Dr. Corder's terminology by dropping the use of the phrase ‘Huntcliff ware’ except in quotation; ‘Huntcliff type’ is used for the particular form Crambeck 16, Signal Stations 26, and Poltross Burn V, 6, and ‘calcite-gritted’ for the fabric; ‘calcite’ is used in the general sense of any kind of natural calcium carbonate.

page 154 note 2 Corder, P. and Kirk, J. L., A Roman Villa at Langton, near Malton E. Yorkshire (1932), p. 96Google Scholar.

page 154 note 3 Antiq. Journ., xix, 430.

page 155 note 1 Antiq. Journ., xi, 260.

page 155 note 2 Archaeologia Aeliana, fourth series (afterwards referred to as AA 4), iv, 135.

page 155 note 3 Proc. Leeds Phil. Soc. iii, 16.

page 153 note 4 Corder, P. and Romans, T., Excavations at the Roman Town at Brough, E. Yorkshire, 1936 (Report vi, 1937).Google Scholar

page 153 note 5 Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, new series (afterwards referred to as CIV2), xlvii, 23.

page 156 note 1 Yorkshire Archaeological Journal (afterwards referred to as TAJ), xxxvii, 402.

page 156 note 2 YAJ, xxxii, 333.

page 156 note 3 AA4, viii, 182.

page 156 note 4 CW2, xiii, 297.

page 156 note 5 YAJ, xxviii, 137.

page 156 note 6 Journal of Roman Studies (afterwards referred to as JRS), xvi, 36.

page 156 note 7 CW2, xi, 390.

page 158 note 1 AA4, i, 93.

page 158 note 2 YAJ, xxxiii, 321.

page 158 note 3 YAJ, xxi, 171.

page 158 note 4 JRS, xviii, 61.

page 158 note 5 For an account of the baths reference may be made to Professor I. A. Richmond's article on the four coloniae in the Archaeological Journal, ciii, 57. Pottery found therein 1939 was carefully retained by Mrs. Chitty, each associated group being kept in a separately labelled bag; I have examined it at King's College, Newcastle upon Tyne.

page 159 note 1 Antiq. Journ. xxvii, 61.

page 159 note 2 CW2, xv, 3; pottery sections 67 and 68.

page 159 note 3 Proc. Leeds Phil. Soc. v, 231.

page 159 note 4 Aspects of Archaeology (1951), fig. 16, no. 31.Google Scholar

page 159 note 5 Antiq. Journ. xvii, 138.

page 161 note 1 Finningley, Edlington Wood, Littleborough, and Brough-Crococolana are not marked on the map as information was not received until the map was complete.

page 162 note 1 Antiq. Journ. xvii, 392.

page 163 note 1 CW2, xxxviii, 195; pottery sections 70 and 72.

page 163 note 2 Wheeler, R. E. M., Maiden Castle, Dorset (1943)Google Scholar. Pottery sections 238 to 241, pre-Roman Conquest, are remarkably like second-century fumed-ware cooking-pots.

page 163 note 1 Oswald, A., The Roman Pottery Kilns at Little London, Torksey, Lines. (1937).Google Scholar